tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-24440154289872963492024-03-13T06:14:21.054-07:00ALUTSISTAALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.comBlogger26125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2444015428987296349.post-82959937838151084662011-03-18T19:35:00.000-07:002011-03-18T19:35:58.270-07:00Download hasil tpm<a href="http://www.4shared.com/document/1_4rK6aH/HASIL_TPM_PROP_-_SLEMAN_2003.html">Download Hasil TPM 2011 Propinsi DIY Kabupaten Sleman</a>ALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2444015428987296349.post-23019392082216295802011-01-02T04:26:00.000-08:002011-01-02T04:26:21.497-08:00Air Force One<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TSBuoeOGsiI/AAAAAAAAAEA/hQrM65mXkIg/s1600/746px-Air_Force_One_over_Mt._Rushmore.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="257" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TSBuoeOGsiI/AAAAAAAAAEA/hQrM65mXkIg/s320/746px-Air_Force_One_over_Mt._Rushmore.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><b>Air Force One</b> is the official <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Air traffic control">air traffic control</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_sign" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Call sign">call sign</a> of any <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> aircraft carrying the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-foxtrot_0-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-foxtrot-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> In common parlance the term refers to those Air Force aircraft whose primary mission is to transport the president; however, any U.S. Air Force aircraft may carry the "Air Force One" call sign while the president is on board. Air Force One is a prominent symbol of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United States">American</a> presidency and its power,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Walsh_1-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-Walsh-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> and the aircraft are among the most famous and most photographed in the world.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-af1_2-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-af1-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The idea of designating specific military aircraft to transport the President arose in 1943, when officials of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a> – the predecessor to the U.S. Air Force – became concerned with relying on commercial airlines to transport the President. A <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_C-87_Liberator_Express" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express">C-87 Liberator Express</a> was reconfigured for use as a presidential transport; however, it was rejected by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United States Secret Service">Secret Service</a> amid concerns over the aircraft's safety record. A <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_C-54_Skymaster" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Douglas C-54 Skymaster">C-54 Skymaster</a> was then converted for presidential use; this aircraft, dubbed the <i>Sacred Cow</i>, transported President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yalta_Conference" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a> in February 1945, and was subsequently used for another two years by President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The "Air Force One" call sign was created after a 1953 incident involving a flight carrying President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> entering the same airspace as a commercial airline flight using the same call sign. Several aircraft have been used as Air Force One since the creation of the presidential fleet. Since 1990, the presidential fleet has consisted of two <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_VC-25" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing VC-25">Boeing VC-25As</a> – specifically configured, highly customized <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_747-200#747-200" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing 747-200">Boeing 747-200B</a> series aircraft. The Air Force is currently looking into replacing the two aircraft used as Air Force One, with Boeing the only contender. The Air Force expects three aircraft, one each delivered in fiscal 2017, 2019 and 2021.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">On October 11, 1910, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> became the first U.S. president to fly in an aircraft, although at the time of the flight in an early <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_Flyer" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wright Flyer">Wright Flyer</a> from Kinloch Field (near <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>), he was no longer in office, having been succeeded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a>. The record-making occasion was a brief overflight of the crowd at a country fair but was nonetheless, the beginning of presidential air travel.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Prior to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="World War II">World War II</a>, overseas and cross-country presidential travel was rare. Lack of wireless telecommunication and quick transportation made long-distance travel impractical, as it took much time and isolated the president from events in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> By the late 1930s, with the arrival of aircraft such as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Douglas DC-3">Douglas DC-3</a>, increasing numbers of the U.S. public saw passenger air travel as a reasonable mode of transportation. All-metal aircraft, more reliable engines, and new radio aids to navigation had made commercial airline travel safer and more convenient. Life insurance companies even began to offer airline pilots insurance policies, albeit at extravagant rates, and many commercial travelers and government officials began using the airlines in preference to rail travel, especially for longer trips.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> was the first president to fly in an aircraft while in office. During World War II, Roosevelt traveled on the <i>Dixie Clipper</i>, a Pan Am-crewed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_314" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing 314">Boeing 314</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_boat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Flying boat">flying boat</a> to the 1943 <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casablanca_Conference_(1943)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Casablanca Conference (1943)">Casablanca Conference</a>, in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, a flight that covered 5,500 miles (in three "legs").<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> The threat from the German submarines throughout the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Battle of the Atlantic (1939–1945)">Battle of the Atlantic</a> made transatlantic air travel the preferred method of transportation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sacred_Cow_airplane.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="176" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sacred_Cow_airplane.jpg/220px-Sacred_Cow_airplane.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sacred_Cow_airplane.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>President Franklin D. Roosevelt's <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-54_Skymaster" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="C-54 Skymaster">C-54 Skymaster</a> aircraft, nicknamed "the Sacred Cow".</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Concerned about relying upon commercial airlines to transport the president, USAAF leaders ordered the conversion of a military aircraft to accommodate the special needs of the Commander in Chief.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-National_Museum_VC-54C_6-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-National_Museum_VC-54C-6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> The first dedicated aircraft proposed for presidential use was a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-87_Liberator_Express" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="C-87 Liberator Express">C-87A</a> VIP transport aircraft. This aircraft, number <i>41-24159</i>, was re-modified in 1943 for use as a presidential VIP transport, the <i>Guess Where II</i>, intended to carry President Franklin D. Roosevelt on international trips.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Dorr_7-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-Dorr-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> Had it been accepted, it would have been the first aircraft to be used in presidential service, in effect the first Air Force One. However, after a review of the C-87's highly controversial safety record in service, the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United States Secret Service">Secret Service</a> flatly refused to approve the <i>Guess Where II</i> for presidential carriage.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Dorr_7-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-Dorr-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> The aircraft was then used to transport senior members of the Roosevelt administration on various trips. In March 1944, the <i>Guess Where II</i> transported <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a> on a goodwill tour of several Latin American countries. The C-87 was scrapped in 1945.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Dorr_7-2" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-Dorr-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The Secret Service subsequently reconfigured a Douglas <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-54_Skymaster" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="C-54 Skymaster">C-54 Skymaster</a> for duty as a presidential transport. This VC-54C aircraft, nicknamed the <i>Sacred Cow</i>, included a sleeping area, radio telephone, and retractable elevator to discreetly lift Roosevelt in his wheelchair. As modified, the VC-54C was used by President Roosevelt only once, on his trip to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yalta_Conference" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a> in February 1945.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-National_Museum_VC-54C_6-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-National_Museum_VC-54C-6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div class="thumb tleft" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Independence_aircraft.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="159" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Independence_aircraft.png/220px-Independence_aircraft.png" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Independence_aircraft.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>The <i>Independence</i> used primarily by President Truman</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">After Roosevelt died in spring 1945, Vice President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> became President. The legislation that created the U.S. Air Force, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Act_of_1947" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="National Security Act of 1947">National Security Act of 1947</a>, was signed by Truman while onboard the VC-54C.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-National_Museum_VC-54C_6-2" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-National_Museum_VC-54C-6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> He replaced the VC-54C in 1947 with a modified <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Douglas DC-6">C-118 Liftmaster</a>, calling it the <i>Independence</i> (also the name of Truman's hometown in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>). This was the first aircraft acting as Air Force One that had a distinctive exterior–a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bald_eagle" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bald eagle">bald eagle</a> head painted on its nose.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The presidential call sign was established for security purposes during the administration of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a>. The change stemmed from a 1953 incident where an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Air_Lines" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Eastern Air Lines">Eastern Airlines</a> commercial flight (8610) had the same call sign as a flight the president was on (Air Force 8610). The aircraft accidentally entered the same airspace, and after the incident the unique call sign "Air Force One" was introduced for the presidential aircraft. The first official flight of Air Force One was in 1959 during the Eisenhower administration.</div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lockheed_VC-121E_Super_Constellation.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="146" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Lockheed_VC-121E_Super_Constellation.jpg/220px-Lockheed_VC-121E_Super_Constellation.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lockheed_VC-121E_Super_Constellation.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>The <i>Columbine III</i> used by President Eisenhower</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Eisenhower also introduced four other <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propeller" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Propeller">propeller</a> aircraft, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Constellation" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lockheed Constellation">Lockheed C-121 Constellations</a> (VC-121E) to presidential service. These aircraft were named <i>Columbine II</i> and <i>Columbine III</i> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamie_Eisenhower" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mamie Eisenhower">Mamie Eisenhower</a> after the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquilegia_caerulea" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Aquilegia caerulea">columbine</a>, the official state flower of Colorado, her adopted home state. Two <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aero_Commander_500" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Aero Commander 500">Aero Commanders</a> were also added to the fleet and earned the distinction of being the smallest planes ever to serve as Air Force One. President Eisenhower also upgraded Air Force One's technology by adding an air-to-ground telephone and an air-to-ground teletype machine.</div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_Force_One&action=edit&section=2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Boeing 707s">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Boeing_707s">Boeing 707s</span></h3><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle" style="font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;">Main articles: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VC-137C_SAM_26000" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="VC-137C SAM 26000">VC-137C SAM 26000</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VC-137C_SAM_27000" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="VC-137C SAM 27000">VC-137C SAM 27000</a></div><div class="thumb tleft" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VC-137-1_Air_Force_One_.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="173" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/VC-137-1_Air_Force_One_.jpg/220px-VC-137-1_Air_Force_One_.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VC-137-1_Air_Force_One_.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Boeing 707 (<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAM_26000" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="SAM 26000">SAM 26000</a>) served Presidents Kennedy to Clinton.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Towards the end of Eisenhower's term in 1958, the Air Force added three <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-137_Stratoliner" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="C-137 Stratoliner">Boeing 707</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_aircraft" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jet aircraft">jets</a> (as VC-137s designated SAM 970, 971, and 972), into the fleet. Eisenhower became the first president to use the VC-137 during his "Flight to Peace" Goodwill tour, from 3 December through 22 December 1959. He visited 11 Asian nations, flying 22,000 miles (35,000 km) in 19 days, about twice as fast as he would have on <i>Columbine</i>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In October 1962, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> administration purchased a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-137_Stratoliner" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="C-137 Stratoliner">C-137 Stratoliner</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAM_26000" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="SAM 26000">a modified long-range 707—Special Air Mission (SAM) 26000</a>, although he had used the Eisenhower-era jets for trips to Canada, France, Austria and the United Kingdom.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The Air Force had attempted a special presidential <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_livery" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Aircraft livery">livery</a> of their own design: a scheme in red and metallic gold, with the nation's name in block letters. Kennedy felt the aircraft appeared too regal, and, on advice from his wife, First Lady <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jacqueline Kennedy">Jacqueline Kennedy</a>, he contacted the French-born American industrial designer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Loewy" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Raymond Loewy">Raymond Loewy</a> for help in designing a new livery and interiors for the VC-137 jet.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Walsh_1-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-Walsh-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> Loewy met with the president, and his earliest research on the project took him to the National Archives, where he looked at the first printed copy of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United States Declaration of Independence">United States Declaration of Independence</a>, and saw the country's name set widely spaced and in upper case in a typeface called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caslon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Caslon">Caslon</a>. He chose to expose the polished aluminum fuselage on the bottom side, and used two blues; a slate-blue associated with the early republic and the presidency, and a more contemporary <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Cyan">cyan</a> to represent the present and future. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Seal of the President of the United States">presidential seal</a> was added to both sides of the fuselage near the nose, a large American flag was painted on the tail, and the sides of the aircraft read "United States of America" in all capital letters. Loewy's work won immediate praise from the president and the press. The VC-137 markings were adapted for the larger VC-25 when it entered service in 1990.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Air_Force_One_SAM_27000.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="174" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Air_Force_One_SAM_27000.jpg/220px-Air_Force_One_SAM_27000.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Air_Force_One_SAM_27000.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Boeing 707 <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAM_27000" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="SAM 27000">SAM 27000</a> as Air Force One SAM 27000 served Presidents Nixon to George W. Bush, and was the primary transport for Nixon to Reagan.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">SAM 26000 was in service from 1962 to 1998, serving Presidents Kennedy to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bill Clinton">Clinton</a>. On November 22, 1963, SAM 26000 carried President Kennedy to Dallas, Texas, where it served as the backdrop as President and Mrs. Kennedy greeted well-wishers at Dallas' Love Field. Later that afternoon, Kennedy was assassinated, and Vice President <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lyndon Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a> assumed the job of president and took the oath of office aboard SAM 26000. At Johnson's request, the plane carried Kennedy's body back to Washington. It also flew over <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a>as Kennedy was being laid to rest, following 50 fighter jets. A decade later, it brought Johnson's own body to Washington for his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_funeral" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="State funeral">state funeral</a>and then back home to Texas. As the former president was laid to rest at <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LBJ_Ranch" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="LBJ Ranch">his ranch</a>, a former pilot of SAM 26000 presented the flag to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lady Bird Johnson">Lady Bird Johnson</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">SAM 26000 was replaced in 1972 by another VC-137, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAM_27000" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="SAM 27000">Special Air Mission 27000</a>, although SAM 26000 was kept as a backup until it was finally retired in 1998. SAM 26000 is now on display at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="National Museum of the United States Air Force">National Museum of the United States Air Force</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> was the first president to use SAM 27000, and the newer aircraft served every president until it was replaced by two <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_VC-25" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing VC-25">VC-25</a> aircraft (SAM 28000 and 29000) in 1990. After announcing his intention to resign, Nixon boarded SAM 27000 to travel to California. Over Missouri, the call sign for the airplane changed from Air Force One to SAM 27000 after Gerald Ford became president.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">SAM 27000 was decommissioned in 2001 by President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, flown to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Bernardino_International_Airport" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="San Bernardino International Airport">San Bernardino International Airport</a> in California, and later dismantled and taken to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Presidential_Library" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ronald Reagan Presidential Library">Ronald Reagan Presidential Library</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simi_Valley" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Simi Valley">Simi Valley</a>, where it was reassembled and is currently on permanent display.</div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_Force_One&action=edit&section=3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Boeing 747s">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Boeing_747s">Boeing 747s</span></h3><div class="thumb tleft" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Air_Force_One_and_Air_Force_Two_at_Paris_Orly.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Air_Force_One_and_Air_Force_Two_at_Paris_Orly.jpg/220px-Air_Force_One_and_Air_Force_Two_at_Paris_Orly.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Air_Force_One_and_Air_Force_Two_at_Paris_Orly.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Air Force One and Air Force Two at<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris-Orly_Airport" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Paris-Orly Airport">Paris-Orly Airport</a></div></div></div><div class="rellink boilerplate seealso" style="font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;">See also: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_VC-25" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing VC-25">Boeing VC-25</a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Though <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>'s two terms as president saw no major changes to Air Force One, the manufacture of the presidential aircraft version of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_747" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing 747">747</a> began during his presidency. The USAF issued a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Request_For_Proposal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Request For Proposal">Request For Proposal</a> in 1985 for two wide-body aircraft with a minimum of three engines and an unrefueled range of 6,000 miles. Boeing with the 747 and McDonnell Douglas with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-10">DC-10</a> submitted proposals, and the<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reagan_Administration" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Reagan Administration">Reagan Administration</a> ordered two identical 747s to replace the aging 707s he used.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-747-dod_9-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-747-dod-9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> The interior designs were drawn up by First Lady<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nancy Reagan">Nancy Reagan</a>, and were reminiscent of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Southwest" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="American Southwest">American Southwest</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-747-dod_9-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-747-dod-9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> The first of two aircraft designated <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_VC-25" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing VC-25">VC-25A</a> was delivered in 1990, during the administration of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>. Delays were experienced to allow for additional work to protect the aircraft from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_pulse" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Electromagnetic pulse">electromagnetic pulse</a> (EMP) effects.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The VC-25 is equipped with both secure and unsecure phone and computer communications systems, enabling the president to perform duties while in the air in the event of an attack on the United States.</div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:George_and_Laura_Bush_at_Bagram_Air_Base_in_Afghanistan.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="148" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/George_and_Laura_Bush_at_Bagram_Air_Base_in_Afghanistan.jpg/220px-George_and_Laura_Bush_at_Bagram_Air_Base_in_Afghanistan.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:George_and_Laura_Bush_at_Bagram_Air_Base_in_Afghanistan.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and First Lady<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Bush" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a> walk on the tarmac as Air Force One sits at <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagram_Air_Base" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bagram Air Base">Bagram Air Base</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, March 1, 2006.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The presidential air fleet is maintained by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/89th_Airlift_Wing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="89th Airlift Wing">89th Airlift Wing</a> at <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrews_Air_Force_Base" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Andrews Air Force Base">Andrews Air Force Base</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Air Force One usually does not have fighter aircraft to escort the presidential aircraft over the United States, but this has occurred. In June 1974, while President Nixon was on his way to a scheduled stop in Syria, Syrian fighter jets intercepted Air Force One to act as escorts. However, the Air Force One crew was not informed in advance and, as a result, took evasive action including a dive.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-10" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">One of the most dramatic episodes aboard Air Force One happened during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>. President George W. Bush was interrupted at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_E._Booker_Elementary_School" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Emma E. Booker Elementary School">Emma E. Booker Elementary School</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasota,_Florida" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sarasota, Florida">Sarasota, Florida</a> after the attack on the World Trade Center South Tower in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="New York City">New York City</a>. He flew on a VC-25 from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasota-Bradenton_International_Airport" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sarasota-Bradenton International Airport">Sarasota-Bradenton International Airport</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barksdale_Air_Force_Base" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Barksdale Air Force Base">Barksdale Air Force Base</a> in Louisiana and then to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offutt_Air_Force_Base" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Offutt Air Force Base">Offutt Air Force Base</a> in Nebraska before returning to Washington. The next day, officials at the White House and the Justice Department explained that President Bush did this because there was "specific and credible information that the White House and Air Force One were also intended targets."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-11" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> The White House later could not confirm evidence of a threat made against Air Force One, and subsequent investigation found the original claim to be a result of miscommunication.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-12" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div class="thumb tleft" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Barack_Obama_meets_his_staff_in_Air_Force_One_Conference_Room.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="147" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Barack_Obama_meets_his_staff_in_Air_Force_One_Conference_Room.jpg/220px-Barack_Obama_meets_his_staff_in_Air_Force_One_Conference_Room.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Barack_Obama_meets_his_staff_in_Air_Force_One_Conference_Room.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> meets with staff in the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conference_room" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Conference room">conference room</a>, April 3, 2009.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">When <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="George W. Bush">President Bush</a> came to the end of his second term in 2009, a VC-25 was used to transport him to Texas. For this purpose the craft was called Special Air Mission 28000, as the aircraft did not carry the current President of the United States. Similar arrangements were made for former Presidents <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">On April 27, 2009, a low-flying VC-25 circled <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="New York City">New York City</a> for a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo-op" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Photo-op">photo-op</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_exercise" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Military exercise">training exercise</a> and caused a scare for many in New York.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-13" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup>Fallout from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One_photo_op_incident" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Air Force One photo op incident">photo op incident</a> led to the resignation of the director of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Military_Office" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="White House Military Office">White House Military Office</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The VC-25As are expected to be replaced, as they have become less cost-effective to operate. The USAF <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Mobility_Command" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Air Mobility Command">Air Mobility Command</a> has been charged with looking into possible replacements, including the new <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_747-8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing 747-8">Boeing 747-8</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EADS" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="EADS">EADS</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_A380" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Airbus A380">Airbus A380</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-14" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> On January 7, 2009, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_Materiel_Command" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Air Force Materiel Command">Air Force Materiel Command</a> issued a new requirement for a replacement aircraft to enter service beginning in 2017.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-15" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> On January 28, 2009,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EADS" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="EADS">EADS</a> announced they would not bid on the program, leaving Boeing the sole bidder, with either their Boeing 747-8 or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_787" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing 787">Boeing 787</a> being proposed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-16" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_Force_One&action=edit&section=4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Other presidential aircraft">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_presidential_aircraft">Other presidential aircraft</span></h2><div class="thumb tleft" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image_of_Air_Force_One,_Secret_Service_Agents_and_the_Presedential_Limousine.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="151" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Image_of_Air_Force_One%2C_Secret_Service_Agents_and_the_Presedential_Limousine.jpg/220px-Image_of_Air_Force_One%2C_Secret_Service_Agents_and_the_Presedential_Limousine.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image_of_Air_Force_One,_Secret_Service_Agents_and_the_Presedential_Limousine.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Air Force One, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_State_Car_(United_States)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Presidential State Car (United States)">Presidential State Car</a> and<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United States Secret Service">Secret Service</a> Agents<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-budget_17-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-budget-17" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup></div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Airlines" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a> was the only commercial airline to have operated <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_One" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Executive One">Executive One</a></i>, the designation given to a civilian flight on which the U.S. President is aboard. On December 26, 1973, then-President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> flew as a passenger aboard a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Dulles_International_Airport" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Washington Dulles International Airport">Washington Dulles</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_International_Airport" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Los Angeles International Airport">Los Angeles International</a> flight. It was explained by his staff that this was done in order to conserve fuel by not having to fly the usual <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_707" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing 707">Boeing 707</a> Air Force aircraft.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Exec1CBS_18-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-Exec1CBS-18" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In November 1999, President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> flew from Ankara, Turkey, to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cengiz_Topel_Naval_Air_Station" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Cengiz Topel Naval Air Station">Cengiz Topel Naval Air Station</a> outside Izmit, Turkey, aboard a marked C-20C (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulfstream_III" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gulfstream III">Gulfstream III</a>) using the call sign "Air Force One", escorted by three F-16s.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">On March 8, 2000, President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> flew to Pakistan aboard an unmarked <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulfstream_III" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gulfstream III">Gulfstream III</a> while another aircraft with the call sign "Air Force One" flew on the same route a few minutes later. This diversion was reported by several U.S. press outlets.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-19" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-20" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-21" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In May 2009, President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> took the first lady on a date to New York City in a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulfstream_G550" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gulfstream G550">Gulfstream 500</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dany_22-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-dany-22" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> On July 16, 2010, the Obama family flew to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Maine">Maine</a> for vacation in a Gulfstream III painted in presidential colors.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-23" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The president also flies in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_One" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Marine One">Marine One</a> helicopters operated by the U.S. Marine Corps.</div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_Force_One&action=edit&section=5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Air Force One aircraft on display">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Air_Force_One_aircraft_on_display">Air Force One aircraft on display</span></h2><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:George_W._Bush_Tours_Air_Force_One.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="150" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/George_W._Bush_Tours_Air_Force_One.jpg/220px-George_W._Bush_Tours_Air_Force_One.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:George_W._Bush_Tours_Air_Force_One.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>In 2005, President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, First Lady <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Bush" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a>, and former First Lady<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nancy Reagan">Nancy Reagan</a> toured <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VC-137C_SAM_27000" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="VC-137C SAM 27000">SAM 27000</a>, the aircraft that served seven presidents from 1972–2001; it is now housed at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Presidential_Library" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ronald Reagan Presidential Library">Ronald Reagan Presidential Library</a>.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Several presidential aircraft that have formerly served as Air Force One (<i>Sacred Cow</i>, <i>Independence</i>, <i>Columbine III</i>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VC-137C_SAM_26000" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="VC-137C SAM 26000">SAM 26000</a>, and other smaller presidential aircraft) are on display in the presidential hangar of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="National Museum of the United States Air Force">National Museum of the United States Air Force</a> (located at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright-Patterson_Air_Force_Base" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wright-Patterson Air Force Base">Wright-Patterson AFB</a> near <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>) and at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Flight" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Museum of Flight">Museum of Flight</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_(U.S._state)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Washington (U.S. state)">Washington</a> (earlier VC-137B SAM 970). The Boeing 707 that served as Air Force One from the Nixon years through the George H. W. Bush administration (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VC-137C_SAM_27000" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="VC-137C SAM 27000">SAM 27000</a>) is on display in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simi_Valley" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Simi Valley">Simi Valley</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="California">California</a> at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Presidential_Library" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ronald Reagan Presidential Library">Ronald Reagan Presidential Library</a>. The library's Air Force One Pavilion was opened to the public on October 24, 2005.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">A <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Douglas DC-6">VC-118A Liftmaster</a> used by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> is on display at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pima_Air_%26_Space_Museum" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pima Air & Space Museum">Pima Air & Space Museum</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>.</div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_Force_One&action=edit&section=6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Roster of presidential pilots">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Roster_of_presidential_pilots">Roster of presidential pilots</span></h2><table class="wikitable" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1em; text-align: center; width: 802px;"><tbody>
<tr><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;" width="5%">No.</th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;" width="15%">Rank</th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;" width="20%">Name</th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;" width="30%">Term</th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;" width="20%">President</th></tr>
<tr><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">1</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">Lieutenant Colonel</a></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Henry T. Myers<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Air_University_24-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-Air_University-24" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">June 1944 – April 1945</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Roosevelt" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Franklin Roosevelt">Franklin Roosevelt</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">April 1945 – January 1948</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Truman" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Harry Truman">Harry Truman</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">2</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Francis W. Williams<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Air_University_24-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-Air_University-24" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">January 1948 – January 1953</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">3</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Colonel</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">William G. Draper<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Air_University_24-2" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-Air_University-24" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">January 1953 – January 1961</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwight Eisenhower">Dwight Eisenhower</a></td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">4</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Colonel</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">James Swindal<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Air_University_24-3" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-Air_University-24" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">January 1961 – November 1963</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">November 1963 – July 1965</td><td rowspan="3" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lyndon Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">5</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Colonel</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">James U. Cross<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Air_University_24-4" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-Air_University-24" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">July 1965 – May 1968</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">6</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Lieutenant Colonel</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Paul Thornhill<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Air_University_24-5" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-Air_University-24" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">May 1968 – January 1969</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">7</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Colonel</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Ralph D. Albertazzie<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Air_University_24-6" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-Air_University-24" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">January 1969 – August 1974</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">8</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Colonel</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Lester C. McClelland<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Air_University_24-7" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-Air_University-24" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">August 1974 – January 1977</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">January 1977 – April 1980</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">9</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Colonel</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Robert E. Ruddick<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Air_University_24-8" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-Air_University-24" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">April 1980 – January 1981</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">10</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Lieutenant Colonel</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Richard J. Klinker<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Air_University_24-9" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-Air_University-24" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">January 1981 – January 1989</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">11</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Colonel</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Robert D. “Danny” Barr<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Air_University_24-10" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-Air_University-24" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">January 1989 – January 1993</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">January 1993 – January 1997</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">12</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Colonel</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Mark S. Donnelly<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Dorr_2002_25-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-Dorr_2002-25" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">January 1997 – January 2001</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">January 2001 – June 2001</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">13</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Colonel</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Mark W. Tillman<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Dorr_2002_25-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-Dorr_2002-25" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">June 2001 – January 2009</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">14</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Colonel</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Scott Turner<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One#cite_note-26" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">January 2009 – Present</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a><br />
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>ALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2444015428987296349.post-3930903980158999962011-01-02T03:56:00.000-08:002011-01-02T03:56:40.232-08:00KRI Dr.Soeharso (990)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TSBneeuWRXI/AAAAAAAAAD8/P0Atqo-V3rg/s1600/img31580ku6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="250" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TSBneeuWRXI/AAAAAAAAAD8/P0Atqo-V3rg/s320/img31580ku6.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><b>KRI DR Soeharso (990)</b> (sebelumnya bernama <b>KRI Tanjung Dalpele (972)</b>) adalah kapal jenis <i>Bantu Rumah Sakit</i> (BRS). Awalnya kapal ini berfungsi sebagai <i>Bantu Angkut Personel</i> (BAP) bernama <i>KRI Tanjung Dalpele (972)</i>, karena perubahan fungsi maka pada tanggal 17 September 2008 di <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pelabuhan_Tanjung_Emas&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Pelabuhan Tanjung Emas (halaman belum tersedia)">Pelabuhan Tanjung Emas</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semarang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Semarang">Semarang</a>, dikukuhkan oleh KASAL saat itu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slamet_Soebijanto" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Slamet Soebijanto">Laksamana TNI Slamet Soebijanto</a>.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<table border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; color: black; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; width: 300px;"><tbody>
<tr valign="top"><td>Pembuat:</td><td>Daesun Shipbuildings & Engineering Co. Ltd, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Selatan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Mulai dibuat:</td><td></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Diluncurkan:</td><td></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Nama sebelumnya:</td><td>KRI Tanjung Dalpele (972)</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Status:</td><td>Masih bertugas</td></tr>
<tr><th align="center" colspan="2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: navy; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: white; height: 30px;">Karakteristik umum</th></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berat_benanam" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Berat benanam">Berat benanam</a>:</td><td>11.394 ton <small>(berat kosong)</small><br />
16.000 ton <small>(berat penuh)</small></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Panjang:</td><td>122 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Meter">m</a> (400,26 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaki_(satuan_panjang)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kaki (satuan panjang)">kaki</a>)</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Lebar:</td><td>22 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Meter">m</a> (72,18 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaki_(satuan_panjang)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kaki (satuan panjang)">kaki</a>)</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><i>Draft</i>:</td><td>6.7 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Meter">m</a> (21,98 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaki_(satuan_panjang)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kaki (satuan panjang)">kaki</a>)</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Kecepatan:</td><td></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perahu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Perahu">Perahu</a> & <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCT" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="LCT">LCT</a>yang dibawa:</td><td>2 × <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCT" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="LCT">LCT</a></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Awak kapal:</td><td>400 orang</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Pesawat:</td><td>3 × <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helikopter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Helikopter">Helikopter</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Sejarah">Sejarah</span></h2><div><span class="mw-headline" id="Sejarah"><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pada saat bernama KRI Tanjung Dalpele (972), kapal ini adalah kapal serba guna yang berfungsi sebagai kapal bantu angkut personel (BAP), kapal bantu rumah sakit (BRS) serta dapat mendaratkan dua heli jenis Super Puma.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Kapal ini diklasifikasikan sebagai kapal LPD (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landing_Platform_Dock" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Landing Platform Dock">Landing Platform Dock</a>). Nama Dalpele diambil dari sebuah tanjung yang terletak di pulau paling timur gugusan pulau di Provinsi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Papua">Papua</a>. Nama tanjung tersebut diabadikan sebagai nama KRI karena di tempat itu para <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukarelawan&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Sukarelawan (halaman belum tersedia)">sukarelawan</a> yang terdiri atas putra-putri terbaik Indonesia rela mengorbankan jiwa ketika berlangsungnya operasi Komando<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trikora" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Trikora">Trikora</a> untuk membebaskan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irian_Barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Irian Barat">Irian Barat</a>. Kapal produksi Daesun Shipbuilding and Eng.Co.Ltd Pusan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Selatan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a> ini tiba di Indonesia <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/21_September" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="21 September">21 September</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2003">2003</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Seiring dengan kebutuhan TNI AL secara umum dalam menjalankan tugas-tugas negara, TNI AL memesan 2 unit kapal yang menyerupai kapal ini dan telah beroperasi dan diberi nama KRI Surabaya dan KRI Makassar.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Nama dr. Soeharso diambil dari nama seorang dokter orthopaedi (dokter ahli bedah tulang) yakni Prof. dr. Soeharso nama yang sama dengan nama rumah sakit orthopaedi dan rehabilitasi di Solo. Ia telah banyak berjasa selama masa perjuangan kemerdekaan membantu menolong dan merehabilitasi pejuang yang mengalami cacat anggota gerak tangan dan kaki akibat peperangan.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Desain">Desain</span></h2><div><span class="mw-headline" id="Desain"><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Kapal ini berbobot 11.394 ton kosong dan 16.000 ton berisi penuh. Kapal sepanjang 122 meter, lebar 22 m, dan draft 6,7 m ini mempunyai geladak yang panjang dan luas sehingga mampu mengoperasikan dua buah helikopter sekelas Super puma sekaligus.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Kapal ini juga dilengkapi sebuah hanggar untuk menampung helikopter satu lagi dan juga melakukan perawatan terhadap helikopter. Sebagai kapal rumah sakit, telah disediakan 1 ruang UGD, 3 ruang bedah, 6 ruang poliklinik, 14 ruang P-jang Klinik dan 2 ruang perawatan dengan kapasitas masing-masing 20 tempat tidur.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Kapal ini memiliki 75 <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anak_buah_kapal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Anak buah kapal">anak buah kapal</a> (ABK), 65 staf medis dan mampu menampung 40 pasien rawat inap. Jika dalam keadaan darurat, KRI DR Soeharso juga dapat menampung 400 pasukan dan 3000 penumpang.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Dalam fungsinya sebagai kapal angkut, kapal ini mampu mengangkut 14 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truk" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Truk">truk</a>/<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tank" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tank">tank</a> dengan bobot per truk/tank 8 ton, 3 helikopter tipe Super Puma, 2 Landing Craft Unit (LCU) tipe 23 M dan 1 <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hovercraft" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hovercraft">hovercraft</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Persenjataan, kapal ini dilengkapi senjata Meriam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bofors" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bofors">Bofors</a> SAK 40 mm <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/L/70" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="L/70">L/70</a> 1 pucuk, 2 pucuk Kanon Penangkis Serangan Udara (PSU) <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rheinmetall&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Rheinmetall (halaman belum tersedia)">Rheinmetall</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheinmetal_20mm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rheinmetal 20mm">20mm</a>, dan 2 buah senapan Mesin 12,7 mm.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Tenaga penggeraknya adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesin_diesel" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mesin diesel">mesin diesel</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Komandan_kapal">Komandan kapal</span></h2><div><span class="mw-headline" id="Komandan_kapal"><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Letkol Laut (P) Prasetyo (2003-2005)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Letkol Laut (P) Estu Prabowo (2005-2007)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Letkol Laut (P) Purwanto (2007-2008 )</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Letkol Laut (P) Hadi Prayitno (2008)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Letkol Laut (P) Indarto Budiarto (2008)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Letkol Laut (P) Basri Mustari (2008-2009)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Letkol Laut (P) Heribertus Yudho Warsono (2009-sekarang)</li>
</ul></span></div></span></div><br />
</span></div>ALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2444015428987296349.post-57986469107051195522010-12-29T00:00:00.000-08:002010-12-29T00:00:06.570-08:00AK-47<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TRrpodZOQQI/AAAAAAAAAD0/uwzTqy__tF8/s1600/Rifle_AK-47.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="184" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TRrpodZOQQI/AAAAAAAAAD0/uwzTqy__tF8/s320/Rifle_AK-47.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><b>AK-47</b> (singkatan dari <i><b>A</b>vtomat <b>K</b>alashnikova 19<b>47</b></i>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia">Rusia</a>: Автомат Калашникова образца 1947 года) adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senapan_serbu" title="Senapan serbu">senapan serbu</a> yang dirancang oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Kalashnikov" title="Mikhail Kalashnikov">Mikhail Kalashnikov</a>, diproduksi oleh pembuat senjata <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/IZhMASh" title="IZhMASh">IZhMASh</a>, dan digunakan oleh banyak negara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blok_Timur" title="Blok Timur">Blok Timur</a> semasa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dingin" title="Perang Dingin">Perang Dingin</a>. Senapan ini diadopsi dan dijadikan senapan standar <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a> pada tahun 1947.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Poyer_1-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-47#cite_note-Poyer-1">[2]</a></sup> Jika dibandingkan dengan senapan yang digunakan semasa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a>, AK-47 mempunyai ukuran lebih kecil, dengan jangkauan yang lebih pendek, memakai peluru dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliber_peluru" title="Kaliber peluru">kaliber</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/7,62_x_39_mm" title="7,62 x 39 mm">7,62 x 39 mm</a> yang lebih kecil, dan memiliki pilihan tembakan (<i>selective-fire</i>). AK-47 termasuk salah satu senapan serbu pertama dan hingga kini merupakan senapan serbu yang paling banyak diproduksi.<br />
<table class="infobox" style="border-spacing: 2px; font-size: 90%; text-align: left; width: 315px;"><tbody>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em;">Tipe</th> <td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senapan_serbu" title="Senapan serbu">Senapan serbu</a></td> </tr>
<tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Negara asal</th> <td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a></td> </tr>
<tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: lightsteelblue; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Sejarah pemakaian</th> </tr>
<tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Masa penggunaan</th> <td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a>—</td> </tr>
<tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Digunakan oleh</th> <td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a>, banyak lainnya</td> </tr>
<tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: lightsteelblue; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Sejarah produksi</th> </tr>
<tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Perancang</th> <td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Kalashnikov" title="Mikhail Kalashnikov">Mikhail Kalashnikov</a></td> </tr>
<tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Tahun</th> <td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a></td> </tr>
<tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Jumlah produksi</th> <td>Di atas 100 juta<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Gorshkov_0-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-47#cite_note-Gorshkov-0">[1]</a></sup></td> </tr>
<tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Varian</th> <td>Lihat <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-47#Varian" title="AK-47">Varian</a></i></td> </tr>
<tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: lightsteelblue; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Spesifikasi</th> </tr>
<tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Berat</th> <td>4,3 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kg</a></td> </tr>
<tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Panjang</th> <td>870 mm (34¼ inci)</td> </tr>
<tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Panjang <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laras_senjata" title="Laras senjata">Laras</a></th> <td>415 mm (16,3 inci)</td> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /></td> </tr>
<tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magazen" title="Magazen">Magazen</a></th> <td><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/7,62_x_39_mm" title="7,62 x 39 mm">7,62 x 39 mm</a></td> </tr>
<tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Mekanisme</th> <td>Operasi gas, bolt berputar</td> </tr>
<tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Rata² tembakan</th> <td>600 butir/menit</td> </tr>
<tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Kecepatan peluru</th> <td>710 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter_per_detik" title="Meter per detik">m/s</a></td> </tr>
<tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Jarak efektif</th> <td>300 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter" title="Meter">m</a></td> </tr>
<tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Amunisi</th> <td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magazen" title="Magazen">Magazen</a> box 30 butir,<br />
Magazen box <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPK" title="RPK">RPK</a> 40 butir,<br />
Magazen drum RPK 75 butir</td> </tr>
<tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Alat bidik</th> <td>Bidikan besi</td></tr>
</tbody></table><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sejarah">Sejarah</span></h2><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Latar_belakang_desain">Latar belakang desain</span></h3>Pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> menciptakan konsep <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senapan_serbu" title="Senapan serbu">senapan serbu</a>. Konsep ini didasari pengalaman bahwa pertempuran modern lebih banyak terjadi pada jarak yang cukup dekat, yaitu sekitar 100 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter" title="Meter">meter</a>. Tenaga dan jangkauan peluru pada saat itu ternyata terlalu besar. Maka, Jerman mulai mengembangkan peluru dan senapan yang mempunyai sifat <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submachine_gun" title="Submachine gun">submachine gun</a></i> (isi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magazen" title="Magazen">magazen</a> banyak dan bisa menembak full-otomatis) dengan peluru yang jangkauannya bisa sampai 300 meter. Dengan mempertimbangkan biaya produksi, ini dicapai dengan memendekkan peluru <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/7,92_x_57_mm_Mauser" title="7,92 x 57 mm Mauser">7,92 x 57 mm Mauser</a> menjadi ukuran 33 mm yaitu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/7,92_x_33_mm_Kurz" title="7,92 x 33 mm Kurz">7,92 x 33 mm Kurz</a> (<i>Kurz</i> berarti pendek).<br />
Hasil akhirnya, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturmgewehr_44" title="Sturmgewehr 44">Sturmgewehr 44</a> (<b>StG44</b>), memang bukan senapan pertama yang menggunakan konsep ini; sebelumnya <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a> pernah merancang konsep yang serupa. Tetapi, Jerman adalah yang pertama untuk memproduksi masal senapan mereka. Jerman banyak menggunakan senapan baru mereka untuk menghadapi Soviet di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Patriotik_Besar" title="Perang Patriotik Besar">Front Timur</a>. Pengalaman Uni Soviet melawan Jerman inilah yang mempengaruhi doktrin Soviet pada tahun-tahun berikutnya.<br />
Berdasarkan doktrin Soviet, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Kalashnikov" title="Mikhail Kalashnikov">Mikhail Kalashnikov</a> mulai memikirkan desain senapannya sejak di rumah sakit, setelah terluka pada pertempuran di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a>. Ia mendapat informasi bahwa sebuah senjata baru sedang dicari, untuk dipakai dengan peluru <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/7,62_x_39_mm" title="7,62 x 39 mm">7,62 x 41 mm</a> yang dibuat oleh Elisarov dan Semin pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>. Tapi kali itu, desain Kalashnikov kalah melawan desain Sudayev, yaitu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPS_%28Pistolet-pulemjot_Sudaeva%29" title="PPS (Pistolet-pulemjot Sudaeva)">PPS43</a>. Kalashnikov mengubah desain pertamanya setelah ia mempelajari StG44 Jerman pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>. Karena rancangannya cukup mengesankan, Kalashnikov lalu dipilih untuk memimpin sebuah tim desain.<br />
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AK-47&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Konsep desain">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Konsep_desain">Konsep desain</span></h3>Meskipun mirip, Mikhail Kalashnikov menyangkal bahwa desainnya dibuat berdasarkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturmgewehr_44" title="Sturmgewehr 44">StG44</a> Jerman. AK-47 lebih tepat dikatakan sebagai campuran dari inovasi-inovasi pada tahun-tahun sebelumnya. Misalnya, mekanik AK-47 lebih mirip <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand">M1 Garand</a> daripada senapan-senapan Jerman. <i>Locking lugs</i> ganda, <i>unlocking raceway</i>, dan mekanisme pelatuk telihat mirip desain Amerika tersebut.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-47#cite_note-3">[4]</a></sup> Ini adalah hal yang wajar, mengingat bahwa jutaan M1 Garand telah sukses dipakai di segala penjuru dunia. Walau secara mekanis mirip dengan M1 Garand, konsep peluru, tata letak komponen, sistem gas, dan metode perakitan AK-47 jelas mirip dengan StG44.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-47#cite_note-4">[5]</a></sup><br />
Jeniusnya AK-47 adalah, bahwa desainnya paling tepat untuk produksi masal. Jadi AK-47 berhasil menggabungkan keunggulan M1 Garand dengan StG44, dan bisa diproduksi dengan cepat oleh Uni Soviet pada saat itu.<br />
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AK-47&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Perkembangan receiver">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Perkembangan_receiver">Perkembangan receiver</span></h3><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:AK-47_and_SKS_DD-ST-85-01268.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="168" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/AK-47_and_SKS_DD-ST-85-01268.jpg/256px-AK-47_and_SKS_DD-ST-85-01268.jpg" width="256" /></a></div><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 258px;"> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:AK-47_and_SKS_DD-ST-85-01268.jpg" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>AK-47 Tipe 3A (atas), dengan pendahulunya, senapan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/SKS_%28senapan%29" title="SKS (senapan)">SKS</a>.</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 258px;"> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:AKMS_and_AK-47_DD-ST-85-01270.jpg" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>AKMS dengan receiver Tipe 4B (atas), dan AK-47 dengan Tipe 2A.</div></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:AKMS_and_AK-47_DD-ST-85-01270.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="168" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/AKMS_and_AK-47_DD-ST-85-01270.jpg/256px-AKMS_and_AK-47_DD-ST-85-01270.jpg" width="256" /></a></div>Pada awalnya produksi <i>receiver</i> (bagian badan senapan yang berisi mekanisme penembakan) menemui banyak masalah. Model produksi pertama menggunakan receiver yang terbuat dari <i>stamping</i> (cetak besi) lembaran logam. Masalah yang ditemui adalah sulitnya mengelas railing pemandu dan ejektor, yang akhirnya menyebabkan banyaknya penolakan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-47#cite_note-5">[6]</a></sup> Tapi masalah ini tidak menghentikan produksi, sebagai penyelesaiannya, receiver stamping logam digantikan dengan receiver <i>machined</i> (dibentuk dengan alat/mesin khusus).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Poyer9_6-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-47#cite_note-Poyer9-6">[7]</a></sup> Proses ini memang lebih mahal, tapi untungnya alat-alat dan pekerja yang dibutuhkan sudah tersedia, sebelumnya dipakai untuk produksi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosin-Nagant" title="Mosin-Nagant">Mosin-Nagant</a>. Karena masalah-masalah tadi, Uni Soviet baru bisa mendistribusikan senapan-senapan ini secara luas pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a>. Pada saat yang bersamaan, produksi senapan pendahulu AK-47, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/SKS_%28senapan%29" title="SKS (senapan)">SKS</a>, tetap berlanjut.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Poyer9_6-1"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-47#cite_note-Poyer9-6">[7]</a></sup><br />
Setelah masalah produksi berhasil diselesaikan, pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a> sebuah rancangan baru dirumuskan dan diberi nama AKM (<i>M</i> untuk <i>modernisasi</i>—dalam bahasa Rusia: Автомат Калашникова Модернизированный).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Ezell36_7-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-47#cite_note-Ezell36-7">[8]</a></sup> Model baru ini menggunakan receiver stamping logam dan dilengkapi sebuah <i>muzzle break</i> di ujung laras, untuk mengurangi tendangan. Selain itu ditambahkan juga penahan <i>hammer</i> (palu pemukul peluru) agar senapan bisa menembak dengan baik pada pilihan tembakan full-otomatis.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-47#cite_note-8">[9]</a></sup> Model baru ini lebih ringan dari model awal, sekitar dua-pertiga berat awal.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Ezell36_7-1"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-47#cite_note-Ezell36-7">[8]</a></sup> Mayoritas produksi senapan Kalashnikov di luar <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>, dengan lisensi maupun tanpa lisensi, menggunakan model AKM ini, karena mudahnya pembuatan receiver stamping. Model inilah yang paling banyak ditemui dan diproduksi di seluruh dunia. Tetapi, hampir semua senapan buatan Kalashnikov biasa disebut AK-47, ini adalah keliru, sebab AK-47 hanya adalah senapan-senapan yang menggunakan tiga model receiver paling awal.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Poyer2_9-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-47#cite_note-Poyer2-9">[10]</a></sup> Gambar di samping memperlihatkan perbedaan antara receiver machined AK-47 Tipe 2, dengan receiver stamping AKM Tipe 4, misalnya digunakannya sekrup dan bukan pengelasan, serta perbedaan lesung kecil di atas magazen.<br />
<table align="center" border="0" class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr> <th>Tipe receiver</th> <th>Penjelasan</th> </tr>
<tr> <th>Tipe 1A/B</th> <td><i>Receiver</i> <i>stamping</i> AK-47 pertama. -1B dimodifikasi untuk popor lipat. Yaitu sebuah lubang tersedia pada kedua sisi, untuk dipasang popor lipat ke bawah. (penamaan B ini tetap sama untuk selanjutnya)</td> </tr>
<tr> <th>Tipe 2A/B</th> <td>Menggunakan besi <i>machined</i>.</td> </tr>
<tr> <th>Tipe 3A/B</th> <td>Versi "final" receiver machined, terbuat dari baja. Receiver AK-47 yang paling banyak ditemui.</td> </tr>
<tr> <th>Tipe 4A/B</th> <td>Receiver stamping AKM. Desain yang paling banyak dipakai pada pembuatan senapan AK.</td> </tr>
</tbody></table><h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AK-47&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Fitur">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Fitur">Fitur</span></h2><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Romanian_AKM_Soldier.JPEG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="299" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Romanian_AKM_Soldier.JPEG/200px-Romanian_AKM_Soldier.JPEG" width="200" /></a></div><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 202px;"> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Romanian_AKM_Soldier.JPEG" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Prajurit <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistol_Mitralier%C4%83_model_1963/1965" title="Pistol Mitralieră model 1963/1965">AIMS</a>, AKMS buatan Romania.</div></div></div>AK-47 adalah senapan yang sederhana, tidak mahal untuk diproduksi, dan mudah dibersihkan dan dirawat. Ketahanan dan kehandalannya terkenal legendaris.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-47#cite_note-10">[11]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-47#cite_note-11">[12]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-47#cite_note-12">[13]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-47#cite_note-13">[14]</a></sup> Piston gasnya yang besar, keleluasaan jarak pada bagian-bagian mekaniknya, dan desain pelurunya, membuat AK-47 bisa tetap menembak dengan lancar walaupun komponen dalamnya terisi kotoran atau benda asing. Tapi kehandalan ini sedikit mengorbankan akurasi, karena toleransi yang besar pada bagian mekaniknya tidak menjamin ketepatan dan kekonsistenan yang terdapat pada senapan-senapan yang lebih akurat.<br />
Bidikan belakang AK-47 bisa diatur, dengan setingan jarak yang selisihnya masing-masing 100 meter. Bidikan depan juga bisa diatur setingan elevasinya di lapangan. Dan setingan horizontal diatur di gudang senjata sebelum diberikan ke pemakai. Setingan bidikan standar diatur untuk menempatkan peluru beberapa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentimeter" title="Sentimeter">sentimeter</a> di atas atau di bawah titik yang dibidik, pada jarak 250 meter. Setingan "<i>point-blank</i>" seperti ini dipakai agar penembak tidak perlu merubah setingan alat bidik pada jarak dekat. Setingan seperti ini sama dengan yang digunakan untuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosin-Nagant" title="Mosin-Nagant">Mosin-Nagant</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/SKS_%28senapan%29" title="SKS (senapan)">SKS</a>, agar memudahkan masa peralihan dan pelatihan.<br />
Lorong laras dan kamar peluru, serta piston gas dan interior silinder gas AK-47 biasa dilapisi dengan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krom" title="Krom">krom</a>. Ini sangat membantu memperpanjang umur alat-alat tersebut, karena mencegah korosi dan karat. Dan ini sangat penting, mengingat amunisi pada abad ke-20 sering berisi unsur <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkuri" title="Merkuri">merkuri</a> yang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korosi" title="Korosi">korosif</a>, yang mengharuskan pembersihan secara rutin untuk mencegah kerusakan. Pelapisan krom pada bagian-bagian penting senapan sekarang sudah lazim pada senjata-senjata modern.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-47#cite_note-14">[15]</a></sup><br />
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AK-47&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Pengaruh terhadap kebudayaan">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Pengaruh_terhadap_kebudayaan">Pengaruh terhadap kebudayaan</span></h2>Pada masa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dingin" title="Perang Dingin">Perang Dingin</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a> memberikan peralatan dan teknologi kepada negara-negara sekutu mereka, beserta pasukan-pasukan pemberontak yang mereka dukung. Pada masa itu terjadi penyebaran besar-besaran AK-47 oleh Uni Soviet dan Tiongkok kepada negara-negara dan grup-grup pro-<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunis" title="Komunis">komunis</a>, misalnya <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandinista" title="Sandinista">Sandinista</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikaragua" title="Nikaragua">Nikaragua</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viet_Cong" title="Viet Cong">Viet Cong</a>. Desain AK-47 disebarkan ke 55 angkatan bersenjata dunia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Gorshkov_0-1"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-47#cite_note-Gorshkov-0">[1]</a></sup><br />
Penyebaran AK-47 ini tidak hanya terlihat dari jumlahnya saja, AK-47 ada di dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendera" title="Bendera">bendera</a> dan lambang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik">Mozambik</a>. Selain itu juga terdapat pada lambang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>, dan bendera <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizbullah" title="Hizbullah">Hizbullah</a>. "Kalash", kependekan dari "Kalashnikov", dipakai sebagai nama anak laki-laki di beberapa negara di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>.<br />
Di Amerika, pembuat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a> sering mempersenjatai penjahat dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teroris" title="Teroris">teroris</a> dengan AK-47. Banyak pula <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permainan_komputer" title="Permainan komputer">permainan komputer</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permainan_video" title="Permainan video">permainan video</a>, dan lagu-lagu rap yang menampilkan AK-47. Pembuat mainan dan industri <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airsoft" title="Airsoft">airsoft</a></i> juga memproduksi jutaan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replika" title="Replika">replika</a> AK-47.<br />
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AK-47&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Varian">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Varian">Varian</span></h2><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Familiarization_with_a_RPK_during_Exercise_Rescue_Eagle_2000.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="167" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Familiarization_with_a_RPK_during_Exercise_Rescue_Eagle_2000.jpg/250px-Familiarization_with_a_RPK_during_Exercise_Rescue_Eagle_2000.jpg" width="250" /></a></div><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 252px;"> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Familiarization_with_a_RPK_during_Exercise_Rescue_Eagle_2000.jpg" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Seorang prajurit Romania membantu seorang prajurit AS menembakan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPK" title="RPK">RPK</a>, versi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senapan_mesin_ringan" title="Senapan mesin ringan">senapan mesin ringan</a> dari AK-47.</div></div></div>Varian-varian Kalashnikov adalah:<br />
<ul><li><b>AK-47 1948–51, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/7,62_%C3%97_39_mm" title="7,62 × 39 mm">7,62 × 39 mm</a></b> — Model paling awal, yang menggunkan <i>receiver</i> <i>stamping</i> Tipe 1, dan sudah sangat langka.</li>
<li><b>AK-47 1952, 7,62 x 39 mm</b> — Menggunakan <i>receiver</i> <i>machined</i> dengan popor dan pegangan kayu. Laras dan kamar peluru dilapisi <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krom" title="Krom">krom</a> untuk mencegah korosi. Berat senapan 4,2 kg.</li>
<li><b>AKS-47</b> — Menggunakan popor lipat ke bawah yang mirip popor <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP40" title="MP40">MP40</a> Jerman.</li>
<li><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPK" title="RPK">RPK</a>, 7,62 x 39 mm</b> — Versi senapan mesin, dengan laras yang lebih panjang dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipod" title="Bipod">bipod</a> (penyangga kaki 2).</li>
<li><b>AKM, 7,62 x 39 mm</b> — Lebih sederhana dan lebih ringan dari AK-47; menggunakan <i>receiver</i> Tipe 4 yang terbuat dari logam stamping. Berat menurun jadi 3,61 kg, karena <i>receiver</i> yang lebih ringan.</li>
<li><b>AKMS, 7,62 x 39 mm</b> — Versi AKM yang menggunakan popor lipat ke bawah atau ke samping.</li>
<li><b>AKMSU, 7,62 x 39 mm</b> — Versi pendek dari AKM yang menggunakan popor lipat ke bawah. Panjang laras 35 cm.</li>
<li>Seri <b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-74" title="AK-74">AK-74</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/5,45_x_39_mm" title="5,45 x 39 mm">5,45 x 39 mm</a></b> — Lihat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-74" title="AK-74">artikel utama</a>.</li>
<li>Seri <b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-101" title="AK-101">AK-101</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/5,56_x_45_mm" title="5,56 x 45 mm">5,56 x 45 mm</a></b> — Lihat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-101" title="AK-101">artikel utama</a>.</li>
<li>Seri <b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-103" title="AK-103">AK-103</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/7,62_%C3%97_39_mm" title="7,62 × 39 mm">7,62 × 39 mm</a></b> — Lihat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-103" title="AK-103">artikel utama</a>.</li>
<li>Seri <b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-107" title="AK-107">AK-107/108</a></b> — Lihat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-107" title="AK-107">artikel utama</a>.</li>
</ul>Pada tahun 1978, Uni Soviet mulai menggantikan senapan <strong class="selflink">AK-47</strong> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AKM" title="AKM">AKM</a> dengan rancangan yang lebih baru, yaitu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-74" title="AK-74">AK-74</a>.<br />
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AK-47&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Produksi di luar Rusia">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Produksi_di_luar_Rusia">Produksi di luar Rusia</span></h3><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:AKROMAIM.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="94" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/AKROMAIM.jpg/250px-AKROMAIM.jpg" width="250" /></a></div><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 252px;"> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:AKROMAIM.jpg" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>AKM buatan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistol_Mitralier%C4%83_model_1963/1965" title="Pistol Mitralieră model 1963/1965">AIM</a>. <i>Receiver</i> Tipe 4A.</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 252px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Rifle_AK_MON.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="86" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Rifle_AK_MON.jpg/250px-Rifle_AK_MON.jpg" width="250" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Rifle_AK_MON.jpg" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>KbK AK/PMK buatan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia">Polandia</a>. <i>Receiver</i> Tipe 3A.</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 252px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Rifle_AKS_MON.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="107" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Rifle_AKS_MON.jpg/250px-Rifle_AKS_MON.jpg" width="250" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Rifle_AKS_MON.jpg" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Kbk AKS/PKMS buatan Polandia. Receiver Tipe 3B.</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 252px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Karabinek-granatnik_wz.1960.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="62" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Karabinek-granatnik_wz.1960.jpg/250px-Karabinek-granatnik_wz.1960.jpg" width="250" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Karabinek-granatnik_wz.1960.jpg" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Kbk AK/PNG60 buatan Polandia. Dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelontar_granat" title="Pelontar granat">pelontar granat</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magazen" title="Magazen">magazen</a> khusus untuk menembakan granat. Receiver Tipe 3A.</div></div></div>Yang terdaftar hanya varian militer saja. Rangkuman dari informasi yang terdapat pada buku Poyer, <i>The AK-47 and AK-74 Kalashnikov Rifles and Their Variations.</i><br />
<table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr> <th>Negara</th> <th>Varian</th> </tr>
<tr> <th><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></th> <td>Tidak diketahui.</td> </tr>
<tr> <th rowspan="9"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></th> <td>AKK (Tipe 3 AK-47), AKKS (Tipe 3 dengan popor lipat samping)</td> </tr>
<tr> <td>AKKMS (AKMS) AKKN-47 (bisa dipasang bidikan malam NPSU)</td> </tr>
<tr> <td>AK-47M1 (Tipe 3 dengan polimer hitam menggantikan kayu)</td> </tr>
<tr> <td>AK-47MA1/AR-M1 (sama dengan M1, tapi memakai peluru 5,56 mm NATO)</td> </tr>
<tr> <td>AKS-47M1 (AKMS memakai 5,56 mm NATO), AKS-47MA1 (sama dengan AKS-47M1, tapi hanya semi-automatis)</td> </tr>
<tr> <td>AKS-47S (AK-47M1, versi pendek, popor lipat Jerman Timur, alat bidik laser)</td> </tr>
<tr> <td>AKS-47UF (versi pendek -M1, popor lipat Rusia), AR-SF (sama dengan -47UF, tapi memakai 5,56 mm NATO)</td> </tr>
<tr> <td>AKS-93SM6 (serupa dengan -47M1, tidak bisa dipasang pelontar granat)</td> </tr>
<tr> <td>RKKS, AKT-47 (senapan latihan, kaliber .22)</td> </tr>
<tr> <th><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman_Timur" title="Jerman Timur">Jerman Timur</a></th> <td>MPi-K (AK-47), MPi-KS (AKS), MPi-KM (AKM), MPi-KMS72 (AKMS)</td> </tr>
<tr> <th><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a></th> <td>AK-47, MISR 7.62 (AKM), Maadi</td> </tr>
<tr> <th><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungaria" title="Hungaria">Hungaria</a></th> <td>AKM-63, AMD-65, AMD-65M, AMMSZ, AMP, NGM 5,56</td> </tr>
<tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a></th> <td>Tabuk (M70B1, and M70AB2)</td> </tr>
<tr> <td>Senapan runduk Tabuk (M70B1 dengan laras 23,6 inci, alat bidik optik, dan popor khusus)</td> </tr>
<tr> <th><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></th> <td>MA1, MA4 (berdasarkan buatan Tiongkok, menggunakan peluru kaliber NATO)</td> </tr>
<tr> <th><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Utara" title="Korea Utara">Korea Utara</a></th> <td>Type 58A (Type 3 AK-47), Type 58B (popor lipat besi), Type 68A (AKM-47), Type 68B (AKMS)</td> </tr>
<tr> <th><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a></th> <td>Type 56 Rifle (<i>bukan</i> Karabin), Type 81, Type 87</td> </tr>
<tr> <th><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia">Polandia</a></th> <td>Kbk AK/PMK (AK-47), Kbk AKS/PKMS (AKS), Kbk Ak PNG60, Kbk AKM/PMKM (AKM), KbK AKMS/PMKMS, Kbk wz. 88 Tantal (AK-74 dengan popor lipat samping), Kbk wz. 96 Beryl</td> </tr>
<tr> <th><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></th> <td>AI (AK-47), AIS (AKS), <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistol_Mitralier%C4%83_model_1963/1965" title="Pistol Mitralieră model 1963/1965">AIM, AIMS (AKM, AKMS)</a>, AIR</td> </tr>
<tr> <th><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></th> <td>M70, M70A, M70AB2 M64 (AK-47 dengan laras lebih panjang), M64A (dengan pelontar granat), M64B (M70 dengan popor lipat)</td></tr>
</tbody></table><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sejarah"> </span></h2>ALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2444015428987296349.post-20243968608462140752010-12-28T06:15:00.000-08:002010-12-28T06:15:28.083-08:00Tupolev Tu-160 Blackjack<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TRnvZYonjCI/AAAAAAAAADw/N3z0zxMJaRo/s1600/800px-Tu-160_at_MAKS_2007.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TRnvZYonjCI/AAAAAAAAADw/N3z0zxMJaRo/s320/800px-Tu-160_at_MAKS_2007.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The <b>Tupolev Tu-160</b> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru" xml:lang="ru">Туполев Ту-160</span>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_reporting_name" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="NATO reporting name">NATO reporting name</a>: <b>Blackjack</b>) is a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersonic" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Supersonic">supersonic</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swing-wing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Swing-wing">variable-sweep wing</a> heavy<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_bomber" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Strategic bomber">strategic bomber</a> designed by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. Although several civil and military transport aircraft are larger in overall dimensions, the Tu-160 is currently the world's largest <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combat_aircraft" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Combat aircraft">combat aircraft</a>, the largest <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersonic_aircraft" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Supersonic aircraft">supersonic aircraft</a>, and the largest variable-sweep aircraft ever built. In addition, the Tu-160 has the greatest total thrust, and the heaviest takeoff weight of any combat aircraft, and the highest top speed of any current heavy bomber.</div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Entering service in 1987 with the 184 Guards Bomber Regiment, based at Priluki, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, the Tu-160 was the last <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_bomber" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Strategic bomber">strategic bomber</a> designed for the former Soviet Union. The aircraft remains in limited production, with at least 16 currently in service with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Air_Force" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Russian Air Force">Russian Air Force</a>.</div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pilots of the Tu-160 call it the “White Swan”, due to its maneuverability and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-flash_white" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Anti-flash white">anti-flash white</a> finish.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><table class="infobox" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; color: black; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: left; width: 315px;"><tbody>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Role</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">Supersonic strategic missile carrier -<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_bomber" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Strategic bomber">Strategic bomber</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">National origin</span></th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Manufacturer</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev">Tupolev</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">First flight</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">18 December 1981</td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Introduced</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_in_aviation" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1987 in aviation">1987</a> Low rate initial production (LRIP) /<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_in_aviation" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2005 in aviation">2005</a> (official)</td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Status</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">In production</td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Primary user</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Air_Force" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Russian Air Force">Russian Air Force</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">Number built</span></th><td style="vertical-align: top;">35</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Development">Development</span></h2><div><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kremlin_Tupolev_Tu-160.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; clear: right; color: #0645ad; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-decoration: underline;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="147" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Kremlin_Tupolev_Tu-160.jpg/220px-Kremlin_Tupolev_Tu-160.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><span class="mw-headline" id="Development"><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The first competition for a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersonic" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Supersonic">supersonic</a> strategic heavy bomber was launched in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in 1967. The new plane was to have a cruise speed of over <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach_number" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mach number">Mach</a> 3, in response to the American <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XB-70_Valkyrie" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="XB-70 Valkyrie">B-70 Valkyrie</a>. It soon became apparent that such an aircraft would be too expensive and difficult to produce, so it was decided to reduce <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"></span></div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">demands (in the US, the B-70 bomber project had already been cancelled).</div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In 1972, the Soviet Union launched a new multi-mission bomber competition to create a new <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersonic" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Supersonic">supersonic</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swing-wing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Swing-wing">variable-geometry</a> ("swing-wing") heavy bomber with a maximum speed of Mach 2.3, in response to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United States Air Force">US Air Force</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockwell_B-1_Lancer" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rockwell B-1 Lancer">B-1</a> bomber project. The Tupolev design, dubbed <i>Aircraft 160M</i>, with a lengthened <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_wing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Flying wing">flying wing</a> layout and incorporating some elements of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-144" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-144">Tu-144</a>, competed against the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myasishchev_M-18" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Myasishchev M-18">Myasishchev M-18</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhoi_T-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sukhoi T-4">Sukhoi T-4</a> designs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myasishchev" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Myasishchev">Myasishchev</a>'s version, proposing a variable-geometry aircraft, was considered to be the most successful, although the Tupolev organization was regarded as having the greatest potential for completing this complex project. Consequently, Tupolev was assigned in 1973 the development of a new aircraft based on the Myasishchev design.</div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Although the B-1A was cancelled in 1977, work on the new Soviet bomber continued, and in the same year, the design was accepted by the government committee. The prototype was photographed by an airline passenger at a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhukovsky_Airfield" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Zhukovsky Airfield">Zhukovsky Airfield</a> in November 1981, about a month before the aircraft's first flight on 18 December 1981. Production was authorized in 1984, beginning at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan_Aircraft_Production_Association" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kazan Aircraft Production Association">Kazan Aircraft Production Association</a>. Production of the aircraft, designated <b>Tu-160</b> (factory designation "aircraft K" or "product 70"), was originally intended to total 100 aircraft, although only 35 have been produced, including three prototypes. The second prototype was lost in flight testing in 1987, the crew ejecting successfully.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Modernisation">Modernisation</span></h3><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In 2006, the Russian Air Force was expected to receive five modernised and one new-built Tu-160.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> The Russian Air Force will receive a further five modernized Tu-160s each year, which means that modernization of the fleet could be achieved within three years if the schedule is kept up.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-U1_3-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-U1-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Changes announced include completely digital, multireserved, neutron and other nuclear emissions resistant <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avionics" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Avionics">avionics</a>; full support of cruising and steering through <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLONASS" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="GLONASS">GLONASS</a> global satellite positioning system; and updated version of NK-32 engines with increased reliability.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-U1_3-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-U1-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> Weapon upgrades will allow the use of new nuclear/non-nuclear GLONASS-navigated cruise missiles (<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh-55" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kh-55">Kh-55</a>),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-U2_4-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-U2-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> and drop laser-guided bombs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> Planned upgrades are also to add the ability to handle missiles that launch military or civil satellites;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> and addition of advanced radar emissions absorbing coatings.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Design">Design</span></h2><div><span class="mw-headline" id="Design"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DD-ST-89-11765.JPEG" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; clear: right; color: #0645ad; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="148" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/DD-ST-89-11765.JPEG/220px-DD-ST-89-11765.JPEG" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a></div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The Tu-160 is a variable-geometry wing aircraft, with sweep selectable from 20° to 65°. The aircraft employs a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blended_wing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Blended wing">blended wing</a> profile and full-span<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leading_edge_slats" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Leading edge slats">slats</a> are used on the leading edges, with double-slotted <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flap_(aircraft)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Flap (aircraft)">flaps</a> on the trailing edges. The Tu-160 has a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly-by-wire" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Fly-by-wire">fly-by-wire</a> control system.<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"></span></div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">It is powered by four <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuznetsov_NK-321" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kuznetsov NK-321">Kuznetsov NK-321</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterburner_(engine)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Afterburner (engine)">afterburning</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbofan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Turbofan">turbofan</a> engines, the most powerful ever fitted to a combat aircraft. Unlike the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-1B_Lancer" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="B-1B Lancer">B-1B Lancer</a>, which failed the Mach 2+ requirement of the original B-1A, it retains variable intakes, and is capable of reaching speeds slightly higher than Mach 2 at altitude.</div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The Tu-160 is equipped with a probe and drogue <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-flight_refueling" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="In-flight refueling">in-flight refueling</a> system for extended-range missions, although it is rarely used. The Tu-160's internal fuel capacity of 130 tons gives the aircraft a roughly 15-hour flight endurance at a cruise speed of around 850 km/h (Mach 0.77, 530 mph) at 9,145 m (30,003 ft).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_Cockpit_TU-160_Bomber.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; clear: right; color: #0645ad; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="147" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Vladimir_Putin_Cockpit_TU-160_Bomber.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Putin_Cockpit_TU-160_Bomber.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a></div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Although the Tu-160 was designed for reduced detectability to both <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Radar">radar</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Infrared">infrared</a>, it is not a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stealth_aircraft" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Stealth aircraft">stealth aircraft</a>. Nevertheless, on 25 April 2006 Lt. Gen. Igor Khvorov claimed that Tu-160s had managed to penetrate the US sector of the Arctic undetected, leading to a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAF" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="USAF">USAF</a>investigation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; white-space: nowrap;">10</span></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">]</span></a></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"></span></div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The Tu-160 has an <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obzor-K&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Obzor-K (page does not exist)">Obzor-K</a> attack radar in a slightly upturned <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dielectric">dielectric</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radome" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Radome">radome</a>, and a separate "<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopka" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sopka">Sopka</a>" <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrain-following_radar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Terrain-following radar">terrain-following radar</a>, which provides fully automatic terrain-following flight at low altitude. The Tu-160 has an electro-optical <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombsight" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bombsight">bombsight</a>. Its electronic warfare suite includes comprehensive active and passive <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_countermeasures" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Electronic countermeasures">ECM</a> systems.</div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The Tu-160 has a crew of four (pilot, co-pilot, weapons systems officer and defensive systems operator) in <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=K-36DM_ejection_seat&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="K-36DM ejection seat (page does not exist)">K-36DM</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejection_seat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ejection seat">ejection seats</a>. The pilot has a fighter-style <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_stick" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Control stick">control stick</a>, but the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_instruments" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Flight instruments">flight instruments</a> are traditional "steam gauge" dials. A crew rest area, a toilet, and a galley are provided for long flights. There is no <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head-Up_Display" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Head-Up Display">HUD</a>, nor are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tube" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Cathode ray tube">CRT</a> multi-function displays provided in the original aircraft; however, plans for modernization of all Tu-160s were announced in 2003. They include a new digital flight control system, and the ability to carry new weapon types, such as new non-nuclear long-range cruise missiles.</div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Weapons are carried in two internal bays, each capable of holding 20,000 kg (44,400 lb) of free-fall weapons or a rotary launcher for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear</a>missiles; additional missiles may also be carried externally. The aircraft's payload capacity is 45,000 kg (99,208 lb), making it the heaviest bomber ever built. However, no defensive weapons are provided; the Tu-160 is the first unarmed post-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="World War II">World War II</a> Soviet bomber.</div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">A demilitarized, commercial version of the Tu-160, dubbed <b>Tu-160SK</b>, was displayed at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Aerospace" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Asian Aerospace">Asian Aerospace</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> in 1994 with a model of a small space vehicle named <a class="external text" href="http://www.aerospaceguide.net/burlak.html" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/external-link-ltr-icon.png?2); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Burlak</a>attached underneath the fuselage. In 1995 Tupolev announced a partnership with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Germany">German</a> firm <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OHB-System" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="OHB-System">OHB-System</a> to produce the aircraft as a carrier for the launch vehicle; the German government subsequently withdrew funding in 1998.</div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">While similar in appearance to the American <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-1_Lancer" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="B-1 Lancer">B-1 Lancer</a>, the Tu-160 is entirely different class of combat aircraft, its primary role being standoff missile platform (strategic missile carrier). Tu-160 is also significantly larger and faster than the B-1B and has a greater combat range.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Operational_history">Operational history</span></h2><div><span class="mw-headline" id="Operational_history"><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Deployment">Deployment</span></h3><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Squadron deployments to Long Range Aviation began in April 1987 before the Tu-160 was first presented to the public in a parade in 1989. In 1989 and 1990 it set 44 world speed flight records in its weight class. Until 1991, 19 of those aircraft served in the 184th Guards Heavy Bomber Regiment in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pryluky_(air_base)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pryluky (air base)">Pryluky</a> in the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_SSR" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ukrainian SSR">Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic</a>, replacing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-16" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-16">Tu-16</a> and<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22M" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-22M">Tu-22M3</a> aircraft. In January 1992, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a> decided to discontinue production of the Tu-160. By this time, 35 aircraft had been built. In the same year, Russia unilaterally suspended its flights of strategic aviation in remote regions. After the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_the_Soviet_Union" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Fall of the Soviet Union">fall of the Soviet Union</a>, 19 of 35 of those aircraft became Ukrainian property, although in 1999 a deal between <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Russia">Russia</a> and<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> led to eight of those aircraft being returned to Russia in exchange for a reduction in Ukraine's energy debts. Ukraine, which gave up nuclear weapons as part of the collapse of USSR, destroyed the other Blackjacks in its possession, except for one airframe retained for static display.</div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Russia's second Tu-160 unit, the 121st Guards Heavy Bomber Regiment basing in <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engels,_Russia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Engels, Russia">Engels</a>, was organised in 1992, but by 1994 it had received only six aircraft. Between 1999 and 2000 the eight former Ukrainian planes were assigned to the regiment, and another newly factory-built aircraft was assigned in 2000. By early 2001, in accordance with the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/START-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="START-2">START-2</a> Treaty, Russia has had 15 new-built Tu-160s, of which six were formerly missile-armed strategic bombers. One aircraft was lost during a test flight after engine repairs, on 18 September 2003.</div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">There were 14 Tu-160s in service as of November 2005. Another two new-built aircraft are nearing completion at the Kazan Aircraft Plant, one of which was due to enter service in March 2006, with the other following later in the year. As of 2001, six additional Tu-160 have served as experimental aircraft at Zhukovski, four of them remaining airworthy.</div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">On 30 December 2005, under an order signed by Russian President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, the Tu-160 officially entered service in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Air_Force" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Russian Air Force">Russian Air Force</a>.</div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">On 17 August 2007 President Vladimir Putin announced that Russia was resuming the strategic aviation flights stopped in 1991, sending its bomber aircraft on long-range patrols.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-10" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> On 14 September 2007, British and Norwegian fighters intercepted two Tu-160s which breached NATO airspace near the UK and Finland.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-11" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> On 25 December 2007, two Blackjacks came close to Danish airspace, and two Danish Air Force <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-16" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="F-16">F-16s</a> scrambled to intercept and identify them.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-12" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">According to Russian government sources, on 11 September 2007, a Tu-160 was used to drop the massive fuel-air explosive device, the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_of_all_bombs" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Father of all bombs">Father of all bombs</a>, for its first ever <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_fire_exercise" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Live fire exercise">field test</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-13" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup>However, some military analysts expressed skepticism that the weapon was actually delivered by a Blackjack.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-14" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">On 28 December 2007, the first flight of a new Tu-160 was reported to have taken place following completion of the aircraft at the Kazan Aviation Plant.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-15" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> After flight testing, the bomber joined the Russian Air Force on 29 April 2008, bringing the total number of aircraft in service to 16. One new Tu-160 is expected to be built every one to two years until the active inventory reaches 30 or more aircraft by 2025-2030.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">On 10 September 2008 two Russian Tu-160 landed in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> as part of military maneuvers, announcing an unprecedented deployment to Russia's ally at a time of increasingly tense relations between Russia and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United States">United States</a>. The <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Ministry_of_Defence" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Russian Ministry of Defence">Russian Ministry of Defence</a> said the two Tu-160 bombers were on a training mission. It said in a statement carried by Russian news agencies that the aircraft will conduct training flights over neutral waters before returning to Russia. Its spokesman added that the aircraft were escorted by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="NATO">NATO</a> fighters as they flew across the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-18" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">On 12 October 2008 a number of Tu-160 bombers were involved in the largest Russian strategic bomber exercise since 1984. A total of 12 bombers including Tu-160 Blackjack and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95_Bear" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: underline;" title="Tu-95 Bear">Tu-95 Bear</a> conducted a series of launches of their cruise missiles. Some bombers launched a full complement of their missiles. It was the first time that a Tu-160 had ever fired a full complement of missiles.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-19" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">On 10 June 2010, two Tu-160 bombers carried out a record-breaking 23-hour patrol with a planned flight range of 18,000 kilometers. The bombers flew along the Russian borders and over neutral waters in the Arctic and Pacific Oceans.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Trainer_aircraft">Trainer aircraft</span></h3><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Trainer_aircraft">No dedicated Tu-160 trainer version has yet appeared. Initally, pilot training was conducted using <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-22M" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tu-22M">Tu-22M</a> <i>Backfire</i> bombers, but these were soon replaced with a highly modified variant of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-134" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-134">Tupolev Tu-134</a> airliner. Designated the Tu-134UBL, this unusual aircraft has had the nose and cockpit section of a Tu-160 grafted onto the aircraft's nose, giving students an unobstructed view from the simulated Tu-160 cockpit. In this arrangement the Tu-134UBL is reported to have flying characteristics similar to the Tu-160.</span></div><div><span class="mw-headline" id="Trainer_aircraft"><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Variants">Variants</span></h2><div><span class="mw-headline" id="Variants"><br />
<dl style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Tu-160 </dt>
</dl><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Several variants have been proposed, but not built, including:</div><ul style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tu-160S</b>: designation used for <i>serial</i> Tu-160s when needed to separate them from all the pre-production and experimental aircraft <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-A.26C_21-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-A.26C-21" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tu-160V</b>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_hydrogen" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Liquid hydrogen">liquid hydrogen</a> fueled version (see also <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-155" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-155">Tu-155</a>) <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-A.26C_21-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-A.26C-21" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tu-160 NK-74</b>: upgraded (extended range) version with NK-74 engines <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-A.26C_21-2" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-A.26C-21" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tu-160M</b>: a stretched bomber carrying two long-range, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersonic" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hypersonic">hypersonic</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh-90" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kh-90">Kh-90</a> (3M25 Meteorit-A) missiles</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tu-160P</b> (Tu-161): a very long-range escort fighter/interceptor</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tu-160PP</b>: an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_warfare" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Electronic warfare">electronic warfare</a> aircraft carrying stand-off jamming and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_countermeasures" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Electronic countermeasures">ECM</a> gear (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru" xml:lang="ru">ПП - <b>п</b>остановщик <b>п</b>омех</span>)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tu-160R</b>: a strategic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconnaissance" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Reconnaissance">reconnaissance</a> platform</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tu-160SK</b>: commercial version, designed to launch satellites within the "Burlak" (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru" xml:lang="ru">Бурлак</span>, "hauler") system.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-A.26C_21-3" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-A.26C-21" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tu-170</b>: a conventional bomber (conceived in order to avoid <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SALT-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="SALT-2">SALT-2</a> limits)</li>
</ul><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em;"><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Operators">Operators</span></h2></div><div><span class="mw-headline" id="Operators"><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Current">Current</span></h3><dl style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Russia">Russia</a></dt>
</dl><ul style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Air_Force" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Russian Air Force">Russian Air Force</a>: As of April 2008, 16 were in service, with the 121st Guards Heavy Bomber Regiment at Engels/Saratov.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-22" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
</ul><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Former"><br />
Former</span></h3><dl style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></dt>
</dl><ul style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Air_Force" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ukrainian Air Force">Ukrainian Air Force</a> had 19 Tu-160s (Ukraine handed over eight Tu-160s to Russia as exchange for debt relief in 1999 )</li>
</ul><dl style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></dt>
</dl><ul style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Air_Force" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soviet Air Force">Soviet Air Force</a> (transferred to Russian and Ukrainian Air Forces in 1991)</li>
</ul><dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;">184th Guards Heavy Bomber Regiment (TBAP), Priluki, Ukrainian SSR</dd><dd style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;"><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Specifications_.28Tu-160.29">Specifications (Tu-160)</span></h2><div class="floatright" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; position: relative;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tupolew_Tu_160_8001.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Orthographic projection of the Tupolev Tu-160."><img alt="Orthographic projection of the Tupolev Tu-160." height="201" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Tupolew_Tu_160_8001.png/300px-Tupolew_Tu_160_8001.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="300" /></a></div><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><i>Data from</i> Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JAWA03_p425-6_23-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-JAWA03_p425-6-23" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><big><b>General characteristics</b></big></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Crew:</b> 4 (pilot, co-pilot, bombardier, defensive systems operator)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Length:</b> 54.10 m (177 ft 6 in)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wingspan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wingspan">Wingspan</a>:</b><br />
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Spread (20° sweep):</b> 55.70 m (189 ft 9 in)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Swept (65° sweep):</b> 35.60 m (116 ft 9¾ in)</li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Height:</b> 13.10 m (43 ft 0 in)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Wing area:</b><br />
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Spread:</b> 400 m² (4,306 ft²)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Swept:</b> 360 m² (3,875 ft²)</li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturer%27s_Weight_Empty" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Manufacturer's Weight Empty">Empty weight</a>:</b> 110,000 kg (242,505 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_(mass)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pound (mass)">lb</a>)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Loaded weight:</b> 267,600 kg (589,950 lb)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_Takeoff_Weight" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Maximum Takeoff Weight">Max takeoff weight</a>:</b> 275,000 kg (606,260 lb)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Powerplant:</b> 4× <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuznetsov_NK-32" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kuznetsov NK-32">Samara NK-321</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbofan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Turbofan">turbofans</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Dry thrust:</b> 137.3 kN (30,865 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound-force" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pound-force">lbf</a>) each</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Thrust with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterburner" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Afterburner">afterburner</a>:</b> 245 kN (55,115 lbf) each</li>
</ul></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><big><b>Performance</b></big></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_speeds#Vno" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="V speeds">Maximum speed</a>:</b> Mach 2.05 (2,220 km/h, 1,200 knots, 1,380 mph) at 12,200 m (40,000 ft)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_speeds#Vc" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="V speeds">Cruise speed</a>:</b> Mach 0.9 (960 km/h, 518 knots, 596 mph)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_(aircraft)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Range (aircraft)">Range</a>:</b> 12,300 km (7,643 mi) practical range without in-flight refuelling, Mach 0.77 and carrying 6 × Kh-55SM dropped at mid range and 5% fuel reserves<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Brassey_24-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-Brassey-24" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combat_radius" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Combat radius">Combat radius</a>:</b> 7,300 km<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-spec_25-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-spec-25" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup> (3,994 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_mile" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nautical mile">nmi</a>, 4,536 mi) , 2,000 km (1,080 nmi, 1,240 mi) at Mach 1.5<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JAWA03_p425-6_23-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-JAWA03_p425-6-23" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceiling_(aeronautics)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ceiling (aeronautics)">Service ceiling</a>:</b> 15,000 m (49,200 ft)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_climb" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rate of climb">Rate of climb</a>:</b> 70 m/s (13,860 ft/min)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_loading" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wing loading">Wing loading</a>:</b> 742 kg/m² with wings fully swept (152 lb/ft²)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift-to-drag_ratio" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lift-to-drag ratio">lift-to-drag</a>:</b> 18.5-19, while supersonic it is above 6.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-russ_spec_26-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-160#cite_note-russ_spec-26" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrust-to-weight_ratio" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Thrust-to-weight ratio">Thrust/weight</a>:</b> 0.37</li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><big><b>Armament</b></big></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2 internal bays for 40,000 kg (88,185 lb) of ordnance, options include:</li>
</ul><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2 internal rotary launchers each holding 6 × <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raduga_Kh-55" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Raduga Kh-55">Raduga Kh-55</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_missile" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Cruise missile">cruise missiles</a> (primary armament) or 12× <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raduga_Kh-15" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Raduga Kh-15">Raduga Kh-15</a> short-range nuclear missiles</li>
</ul></dd></dl></span></div></span></div></span></div><br />
</span></div></span></div><br />
</span></div>ALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2444015428987296349.post-79847379867868336552010-12-27T02:49:00.000-08:002010-12-27T02:49:44.935-08:00Lockheed C-130 Hercules<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TRht6bIpwEI/AAAAAAAAADs/g4Ydh0ajvqI/s1600/750px-Lockheed_C-130_Hercules.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="256" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TRht6bIpwEI/AAAAAAAAADs/g4Ydh0ajvqI/s320/750px-Lockheed_C-130_Hercules.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">The <b>Lockheed C-130 Hercules</b> is a four-engine turboprop military transport aircraft designed and built originally by Lockheed, now Lockheed Martin. Capable of using unprepared runways for takeoffs and landings, the C-130 was originally designed as a troop, medical evacuation, and cargo transport aircraft. The versatile airframe has found uses in a variety of other roles, including as a gunship (AC-130), for airborne assault,search and rescue, scientific research support, weather reconnaissance, aerial refueling, maritime patrol and aerial firefighting. It is the maintactical airlifter for many military forces worldwide. Over 40 models and variants of the Hercules serve with more than 60 nations.</a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">During its years of service, the Hercules family has participated in countless military, civilian and humanitarian aid operations. The family has the longest continuous production run of any military aircraft in history. In 2007, the C-130 became the fifth aircraft—after the English Electric Canberra, B-52 Stratofortress, Tupolev Tu-95, and KC-135 Stratotanker—to mark 50 years of continuous use with its original primary customer, in this case, the United States Air Force. The C-130 is also the only military aircraft to remain in continuous production for 50 years with its original customer, as the updated C-130J Super Hercules.</a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><table class="infobox" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; color: black; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: left; width: 315px;"><tbody>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">Role</a></th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">Military transport aircraft</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">National origin</a></span></th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">United States</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">Manufacturer</a></th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">Lockheed<br />
Lockheed Martin</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">First flight</a></th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">23 August 1954</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">Introduced</a></th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">December 1957</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">Status</a></th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">In production, in service</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">Primary users</a></th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">United States Air Force<br />
United States Marine Corps<br />
Royal Air Force<br />
See <i>Operators</i> for others</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">Number built</a></span></th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">2,262 as of 2006<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-afm_0-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></sup></a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">Unit cost</a></span></th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">US$62 million<sup class="Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from March 2010">[<i>citation needed</i>]</sup></a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">Variants</a></th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">AC-130 Spectre/Spooky<br />
Lockheed DC-130<br />
Lockheed EC-130<br />
Lockheed HC-130<br />
Lockheed Martin KC-130<br />
Lockheed LC-130<br />
Lockheed MC-130<br />
Lockheed WC-130<br />
Lockheed L-100 Hercules</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">Developed into</a></span></th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Design_and_development"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">Design and development</a></span></h2><div><span class="mw-headline" id="Design_and_development"><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Background_and_requirements"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">Background and requirements</a></span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">The Korean War, which began in June 1950, showed that piston-powered World War II-era transports—C-119 Flying Boxcars, C-47 Skytrainsand C-46 Commandos—were inadequate for modern warfare. Thus on 2 February 1951, the United States Air Force issued a General Operating Requirement (GOR) for a new transport to Boeing, Douglas, Fairchild, Lockheed, Martin, Chase Aircraft, North American, Northrop, and Airlifts Inc. The new transport would have a capacity for 92 passengers, 72 combat troops or 64 paratroopers in a cargo compartment that is approximately 41 feet (12 m) long, 9 feet (2.7 m) high, and 10 feet (3.0 m) wide. Unlike transports derived from passenger airliners, it was designed from the ground-up as a combat transport with loading from a ramp at the rear of the fuselage. This innovation for military cargo aircraft was first pioneered on the WW II German Junkers Ju 252 and Ju 253 "Hercules" transport prototypes in WWII. The Boeing C-97 also had a retracting ramp through clamshell doors, but could not be used for airdrops of cargo.</a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">The Hercules also resembled a larger four-engine brother to the C-123 Provider with a similar wing and cargo ramp layout. That plane evolved from the Chase XCG-20 Avitruc, which was first designed and flown as a cargo glider in 1947.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></sup> The rear ramp not only makes it possible to drive vehicles onto the plane (also possible with forward ramp on a C-124), but to airdrop or use low-altitude extraction for Sheridan tanks or even dropping improvised "daisy cutter" bombs.</a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">A key feature was the introduction of the T56 turboprop, which was first developed specifically for the C-130. At the time, the turboprop was a new application of jet engines that used exhaust gases to turn a shafted propeller, which offered greater range at propeller-driven speeds compared to pure jets, which were faster but thirstier. As was the case on helicopters of that era such as the UH-1 Huey,turboshafts produced much more power for their weight than piston engines. Lockheed would subsequently use the same engines and technology in the Lockheed L-188 Electra. That plane was a disappointment as an airliner, but quite successfully adapted as the P-3 Orion patrol plane where speed and endurance of turboprops excelled.</a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">The new Lockheed cargo plane design possessed a range of 1,100 nmi (1,300 mi; 2,000 km), takeoff capability from short and unprepared strips, and the ability to fly with one engine shut down. Fairchild, North American, Martin and Northrop declined to participate. The remaining five companies tendered a total of 10 designs: Lockheed two, Boeing one, Chase three, Douglas three, and Airlifts Inc. one. The contest was a close affair between the lighter of the two Lockheed (preliminary project designation L-206) proposals and a four-turboprop Douglas design.</a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">The Lockheed design team was led by Willis Hawkins, starting with a 130 page proposal for the <i>Lockheed L-206</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rhodes_2-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></sup> Hall Hibbard, Lockheed vice president and chief engineer, saw the proposal and directed it to Kelly Johnson, who did not care for the low-speed, unarmed aircraft, and remarked, "If you sign that letter, you will destroy the Lockheed Company."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rhodes_2-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></sup> Both Hibbard and Johnson signed the proposal and the company won the contract for the now-designated Model 82 on 2 July 1951.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-boyne_3-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></sup></a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">The first flight of the <i>YC-130</i> prototype was made on 23 August 1954 from the Lockheed plant in Burbank, California. The aircraft, serial number <i>53-3397</i>, was the second prototype but the first of the two to fly. The YC-130 was piloted by Stanley Beltz and Roy Wimmer on its 61-minute flight to Edwards Air Force Base; Jack Real and Dick Stanton served as flight engineers. Kelly Johnson flew chase in a P2V Neptune.</a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Production"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">Production</a></span></h3><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="144" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/C-130_Hercules_cockpit_hg.jpg/220px-C-130_Hercules_cockpit_hg.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></div><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">C-130H Hercules flight deck</a></div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">After the two prototypes were completed, production began in Marietta, Georgia, where more than 2,300 C-130s have been built.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></sup></a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">The initial production model, the <i>C-130A</i>, was powered by Allison T56-A-9 turboprops with three-blade propellers. Deliveries began in December 1956, continuing until the introduction of the <i>C-130B</i> model in 1959. Some A models were re-designated <i>C-130D</i> after being equipped with skis. The newer C-130B had ailerons with increased boost—3,000 psi (21 MPa) versus 2,050 psi (14 MPa)—as well as uprated engines and four-bladed propellers that were standard until the J-model's introduction.</a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="C-130A_model"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">C-130A model</a></span></h3><div><span class="mw-headline" id="C-130A_model"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">The first production C-130s were designated as A-models, with deliveries in 1956 to the 463d Troop Carrier Wing at Ardmore AFB, Oklahoma and the 314th Troop Carrier Wing at Sewart AFB, Tennessee. Six additional squadrons were assigned to the 322d Air Division in Europe and the 315th Air Division in the Far East. Additional airplanes were modified for electronics intelligence work and assigned to Rhein-Main Air Base, Germany while modified RC-130As were assigned to the Military Air Transport Service (MATS) photo-mapping division. Airplanes equipped with giant skis were designated as C-130Ds, but were essentially A-models except for the conversion. Australia became the first non American force to operate the C130A Hercules with 12 examples being delivered during late 1958-early 1959. These aircraft were fitted with three-blade AeroProducts propeller of 15' diameter. As the C-130A became operational with Tactical Air Command (TAC), the C-130's lack of range became apparent and additional fuel capacity was added in the form of external pylon-mounted tanks at the end of the wings. The A-model continued in service through the Vietnam War, where the airplanes assigned to the four squadrons at Naha AB, Okinawa and one at Tachikawa Air Base, Japan performed yeoman's service, including operating highly classified special operations missions such as the BLIND BAT FAC/Flare mission and FACT SHEET leaflet mission over Laos and North Vietnam. The A-model was also provided to the South Vietnamese Air Force as part of the Vietnamization program at the end of the war, and equipped three squadrons based at Tan Son Nhut AFB. The last operator in the world is the Honduran Air Force, which is still flying one of five A model Hercs (FAH <i>558</i>, c/n 3042) as of October 2009.</a></span></div><div><span class="mw-headline" id="C-130A_model"><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="C-130B_model"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">C-130B model</a></span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">The C-130B model was developed to complement the A models that had previously been delivered, and incorporated new features, particularly increased fuel capacity in the form of auxiliary tanks built into the center wing section and an AC electrical system. Four-bladed Hamilton Standard propellers replaced the Aero Product three-bladed propellers that distinguished the earlier A-models. B-models replaced A-models in the 314th and 463rd Troop Carrier Wings. During the Vietnam War four squadrons assigned to the 463rd Troop Carrier/Tactical Airlift Wing based at Clark Air Force Base and Mactan Air Force Base in the Philippines were used primarily for tactical airlift operations in South Vietnam. In the spring of 1969, 463rd crews commenced COMMANDO VAULT bombing missions dropping "daisy cutter" M-121 10,000 lb (4,534 kg) bombs to clear "instant LZs" for helicopters. These would later be used by South Vietnam forces in a last-ditch air support effort to turn back communist troops. As the Vietnam War wound down, the 463rd B-models and A-models of the 374th Tactical Airlift Wing were transferred back to the United States where most were assigned to Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard units. Another prominent role for the B model was with the United States Marine Corps, where Hercules initially designated as GV-1s replaced C-119s. After Air Force C-130Ds proved the type's usefulness in Antarctica, the US Navy purchased a number of B-models equipped with skis that were designated as LC-130s.</a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">An electronic reconnaissance variant of the C-130B was designated C-130B-II. A total of 13 aircraft were converted and operated under the SUN VALLEY program name. They were operated primarily from Yokota Air Base, Japan. All reverted to standard C-130B cargo aircraft after their replacement in the reconnaissance role by other aircraft. The C-130B-II was distinguished by its false external wing fuel tanks, which were disguised signals intelligence (SIGINT) receiver antennas. These pods were slightly larger than the standard wing tanks found on other C-130Bs. Most aircraft featured a swept blade antenna on the upper fuselage, as well as extra wire antennas between the vertical fin and upper fuselage not found on other C-130s. Radio call numbers on the tail of these aircraft were regularly changed so as to confuse observers and disguise their true mission.</a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="C-130E_model"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">C-130E model</a></span></h3><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="154" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/C130_Hercules%2C_Brazilian_Air_Force_I.jpg/220px-C130_Hercules%2C_Brazilian_Air_Force_I.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></div><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">Brazilian Air Force C-130E</a></div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">The extended range <i>C-130E</i> model entered service in 1962 after it was developed as an interim long-range transport for the Military Air Transport Service. Essentially a B-model, the new designation was the result of the installation of 1,360 US gal (5,150 L) <i>Sargent Fletcher</i> external fuel tanks under each wings (mid-section) and more powerful Allison T56-A-7A turboprops. The hydraulic boost pressure to the ailerons was reduced back to 2050 psi as a consequence of the external tanks weight in the middle of the wingspan. The E model also featured structural improvements, avionics upgrades and a higher gross weight. Australia took delivery of 12 C130E Hercules during 1966-67 to supplement the 12 C-130A models already in service with the RAAF.</a></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">[edit]</a></span><span class="mw-headline" id="C-130F_.2F_KC-130F_.2F_C-130G_models"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">C-130F / KC-130F / C-130G models</a></span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">The <i>KC-130</i> tankers, originally <i>C-130F</i>s procured for the US Marine Corps (USMC) in 1958 (under the designation <i>GV-1</i>) are equipped with a removable 3,600 US gal (13,626 l) stainless steel fuel tank carried inside the cargo compartment. The two wing-mounted hose and drogue aerial refueling pods each transfer up to 300 US gal per minute (19 l per second) to two aircraft simultaneously, allowing for rapid cycle times of multiple-receiver aircraft formations, (a typical tanker formation of four aircraft in less than 30 minutes). The US Navy's <i>C-130G</i> has increased structural strength allowing higher gross weight operation.</a></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">[edit]</a></span><span class="mw-headline" id="C-130H_model"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">C-130H model</a></span></h3><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="143" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/C-130_Hercules_2.jpg/220px-C-130_Hercules_2.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></div><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">Japan Air Self-Defense Force C-130H</a></div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">The <i>C-130H</i> model has updated Allison T56-A-15 turboprops, a redesigned outer wing, updated avionics and other minor improvements. Later <i>H</i> models had a new, fatigue-life-improved, center wing that was retro-fitted to many earlier H-models. The H model remains in widespread use with the US Air Force (USAF) and many foreign air forces. Initial deliveries began in 1964 (to the RNZAF), remaining in production until 1996. An improved C-130H was introduced in 1974, with Australia purchasing 12 of type in 1978 to replace the original 12 C-130A models which had first entered RAAF Service in 1958.</a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">The United States Coast Guard employs the HC-130H for long range search and rescue, drug interdiction, illegal migrant patrols, homeland security, and logistics.</a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">C-130H models produced from 1992 to 1996 were designated as C-130H3 by the USAF. The 3 denoting the third variation in design for the H series. Improvements included ring laser gyros for the INUs, GPS receivers, a partial glass cockpit (ADI and HSI instruments), a more capable APN-241 color radar,night vision device compatible instrument lighting, and an integrated radar and missile warning system. The electrical system upgrade included Generator Control Units (GCU) and Bus Switching units (BSU)to provide stable power to the more sensitive upgraded components.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from March 2010">[<i>citation needed</i>]</sup></a></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">[edit]</a></span><span class="mw-headline" id="C-130K_model"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">C-130K model</a></span></h3><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="149" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Raf.hercules.c-130k.c3.arp.jpg/220px-Raf.hercules.c-130k.c3.arp.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></div><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">Royal Air Force C-130K (C.3)</a></div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">The equivalent model for export to the UK is the <i>C-130K</i>, known by the Royal Air Force (RAF) as the <i>Hercules C.1</i>. The <i>C-130H-30</i> (<i>Hercules C.3</i> in RAF service) is a stretched version of the original Hercules, achieved by inserting a 100 in (2.54 m) plug aft of the cockpit and an 80 in (2.03 m) plug at the rear of the fuselage. A single C-130K was purchased by the Met Office for use by its Meteorological Research Flight, where it was classified as the <i>Hercules W.2</i>. This aircraft was heavily modified (with its most prominent feature being the long red and white striped atmospheric probe on the nose and the move of the weather radar into a pod above the forward fuselage). This aircraft, named <i>Snoopy</i>, was withdrawn in 2001 and was then modified by Marshall of Cambridge Aerospace as flight-test bed for A400M turbine engine, the TP400. The C-130K is used by the RAF Falcons for parachute drops. Three C-130K (Hercules C Mk.1P) were upgraded and sold to the Austrian Air Force in 2002.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></sup></a></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">[edit]</a></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Later_C-130_models_.26_variants"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">Later C-130 models & variants</a></span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">The <i>MC-130E Combat Talon</i> was developed for the USAF during the Vietnam War to support special operations missions throughout Southeast Asia, and spawned a family of special missions aircraft. 37 of the earliest models currently operating with the United States Special Operations Command are scheduled to be replaced by new-production MC-130J versions. The EC-130 and EC-130H Compass Call are versions also used by Special Operations.</a></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="157" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/HC-130P-N_refuels_HH-60G.jpg/220px-HC-130P-N_refuels_HH-60G.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></div><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">USAF HC-130P refuels a HH-60G Pavehawk helicopter</a></div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">The <i>HC-130P/N</i> is long range search and rescue variant used by the USAF (to include the Air Force Reserve Command and the Air National Guard) that was developed from the earlier HC-130P. Equipped for deep deployment of Pararescuemen (PJs), survival equipment, and aerial refueling of combat rescue helicopters, HC-130s are usually the on-scene command aircraft for combat SAR missions. Early versions were equipped with the Fulton surface-to-air recovery system, designed to pull a person off the ground using a wire strung from a helium balloon. The John Wayne movie <i>The Green Berets</i> features its use. The Fulton system was later removed when aerial refueling of helicopters proved safer and more versatile. The movie <i>The Perfect Storm</i> depicts a real life SAR mission involving aerial refueling of a New York Air National Guard HH-60G by a New York Air National Guard HC-130P.</a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">The <i>C-130R</i> and <i>C-130T</i> are US Navy and USMC models, both equipped with underwing external fuel tanks. The USN C-130T is similar, but has additional avionics improvements. In both models, aircraft are equipped with Allison T56-A-16 engines. The USMC versions are designated <i>KC-130R</i> or <i>KC-130T</i> when equipped with underwing refueling pods and pylons and are fully night vision system compatible.</a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">The RC-130 is a reconnaissance version. A single example is used by the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force, the aircraft having originally been sold to the former Imperial Iranian Air Force.</a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">The <i>Lockheed L-100 (L-382)</i> is a civilian variant, equivalent to a C-130E model without military equipment. The L-100 also has 2 stretched versions.</a></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">[edit]</a></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Next_generation"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">Next generation</a></span></h3><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle" style="font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">Main article: C-130J Super Hercules</a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">In the 1970s, Lockheed proposed a C-130 variant with turbofan engines rather than turboprops, but the US Air Force preferred the takeoff performance of the existing aircraft. In the 1980s, the C-130 was intended to be replaced by the Advanced Medium STOL Transport project. The project was canceled and the C-130 has remained in production.</a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">In the 1990s, the improved C-130J Super Hercules was developed by Lockheed (later Lockheed Martin). This model is the newest version and the only model in production. Externally similar to the classic Hercules in general appearance, the J model has new turboprop engines, six-bladed propellers, digital avionics, and other new systems.</a></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">[edit]</a></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Improvements_and_upgrades"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">Improvements and upgrades</a></span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">In 2000, Boeing was awarded a <span style="white-space: nowrap;">US$1.4 billion</span> contract to develop an Avionics Modernization Programme kit for the C-130. The program was beset with delays and cost overruns until project restructuring in 2007.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-fg_c130amp_8-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></sup> On 2 September 2009, Bloomberg news reported that the planned Avionics Modernization Program (AMP) upgrade to the older C-130s would be dropped to provide more funds for the F-35, CV-22 and airborne tanker replacement programs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></sup> However, in June 2010, the Pentagon approved funding for the initial production of the AMP upgrade kits.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></sup> Under the terms of this agreement, the USAF has cleared Boeing to begin low-rate initial production (LRIP) for the C-130 AMP. A total of 198 aircraft are expected to feature the AMP upgrade. The current cost per aircraft is<span style="white-space: nowrap;">US$14 million</span> although Boeing expects that this price will drop to US$7 million for the 69th aircraft.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-fg_c130amp_8-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; white-space: nowrap;">9</span></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">]</span></sup></a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Operational_history"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1138491156">Operational history</a></span></h2><div><span class="mw-headline" id="Operational_history"><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The Hercules holds the record for the largest and heaviest aircraft to land on an aircraft carrier.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></sup> In October and November 1963, a USMC KC-130F (BuNo<i>149798</i>), bailed to the US Naval Air Test Center, made 29 touch-and-go landings, 21 unarrested full-stop landings and 21 unassisted take-offs on the USS<i>Forrestal</i> at a number of different weights.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></sup> The pilot, LT (later RADM) James H. Flatley III, USN, was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for his role in this test series. The tests were highly successful, but the idea was considered too risky for routine "Carrier Onboard Delivery" (COD) operations. Instead, theC-2 Greyhound was developed as a dedicated COD aircraft. The Hercules used in the test, most recently in service with Marine Aerial Refueler Squadron 352 (VMGR-352) until 2005, is now part of the collection of the National Museum of Naval Aviation at NAS Pensacola, Florida.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">While the C-130 is involved in cargo and resupply operations daily, it has been a part of some notable offensive operations.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In 1964 C-130 crews from the 6315th Operations Group at Naha AB, Okinawa commenced FAC/Flare missions over the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos supporting USAF strike aircraft. In April 1965 the mission was expanded to North Vietnam where C-130 crews led formations of B-57 bombers on night reconnaissance/strike missions against communist supply routes leading to South Vietnam. In early 1966 Project BLIND BAT/LAMPLIGHTER was established at Ubon RTAFB, Thailand. After the move to Ubon the mission became a four-engine forward air controller (FAC) mission with the C-130 crew searching for targets then calling in strike aircraft. Another little-known C-130 mission flown by Naha-based crews was COMMANDO SCARF, which involved the delivery of chemicals onto sections of the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos that were designed to produce mud and landslides in hopes of making the truck routes impassable.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from February 2010">[<i>citation needed</i>]</sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In November 1964, on the other side of the globe, C-130Es from the 464th Troop Carrier Wing but loaned to 322d Air Division in France, flew one of the most dramatic missions in history in the former Belgian Congo. After a Congolese rebel group named "Simba" took whites in the city of Stanleyville hostage, the US and Belgian developed a joint rescue mission that used the C-130s to airlift and then drop and air-land a force of Belgian paratroopers to rescue the hostages. Two missions were flown, one over Stanleyville designated as RED DRAGON/DRAGON ROUGE and another over Paulis called BLACK DRAGON/DRAGON NOIR during Thanksgiving weeks.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></sup> The headline-making mission resulted in the first award of the prestigious MacKay Trophy to C-130 crews.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In October 1968 a C-130B from the 463rd Tactical Airlift Wing dropped a pair of M121 10,000 pound bombs that had been developed for the massive B-36 bomber but had never been used. The US Army and US Air Force resurrected the huge weapons as a means of clearing landing zones for helicopters and in early 1969 the 463rd commenced Commando Vault missions. Although the stated purpose of COMMANDO VAULT was to clear LZs, they were also used on enemy base camps and other targets.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from February 2010">[<i>citation needed</i>]</sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The MC-130 Combat Talon variant carries and deploys the among the largest conventional bombs in the world, the BLU-82 "Daisy Cutter" and GBU-43/B Massive Ordnance Air Blast bomb, also known as the MOAB. Daisy Cutters were used during the Vietnam War to clear landing zones and to eliminate mine fields. The weight and size of the weapons make it impossible or impractical to load them on conventional bombers. The GBU-43/B MOAB is a successor to the BLU-82 and can perform the same function, as well as perform strike functions against hardened targets in a low air threat environment.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The AC-130 also holds the record for the longest sustained flight by a C-130. From 22 October to 24 October 1997, two AC-130U gunships flew 36.0 hours nonstop from Hurlburt Field Florida to Taegu (Daegu), South Korea while being refueled 7 times by KC-135 tanker aircraft. This record flight shattered the previous record longest flight by over 10 hours while the 2 gunships took on 410,000 lb (190,000 kg) of fuel. The gunship has been used in every major U.S. combat operation since Vietnam, except for Operation Eldorado Canyon, the 1986 attack on Libya.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, the Pakistan Air Force modified/improvised several aircraft for use as heavy bombers, and attacks were made on Indian bridges and troop concentrations with some successes. No aircraft were lost in the operations, though one was slightly damaged.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-pakdef_16-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">It was also used in the 1976 Entebbe raid in which Israeli commando forces carried a surprise assault to rescue 103 passengers of an airliner hijacked by Palestinian and German terrorists at Entebbe Airport, Uganda. The rescue force—200 soldiers, jeeps, and a black Mercedes-Benz (intended to resemble Ugandan Dictator Idi Amin's vehicle of state)—was flown 2,200 nmi (2,532 mi; 4,074 km) from Israel to Entebbe by four Israeli Air Force (IAF) Hercules aircraft without mid-air refueling (on the way back, the planes refueled in Nairobi, Kenya).</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">During the Falklands War (Spanish: <span lang="es" xml:lang="es"><i>Guerra de las Malvinas</i></span>) of 1982, Argentine Air Force C-130s undertook highly dangerous, daily re-supply night flights as blockade runners to the Argentine garrison on the Falkland Islands. They also performed daylight maritime survey flights. One was lost during the war. Argentina also operated two KC-130s tankers during the war, and these refueled both theSkyhawk and Navy Super Etendards which sank 6 British ships. The British also used their C-130s to support their logistical operations.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">During the Gulf War of 1991 (Operation Desert Storm), the C-130 Hercules was used operationally by the US Air Force, US Navy and US Marine Corps, along with the air forces of Australia, New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, South Korea and the UK.</div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[edit]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Recent_history">Recent history</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">During the invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 and the ongoing support of the International Security Assistance Force (Operation Enduring Freedom), the C-130 Hercules has used operationally by Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, South Korea, Spain, the UK and the United States.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">During the 2003 invasion of Iraq (Operation Iraqi Freedom), the C-130 Hercules has been used operationally by Australia, the UK and the United States. After the initial invasion, C-130 operators as part of the Multinational force in Iraq used their C-130s to support their forces in Iraq.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">One RAF C-130 was shot down on 30 January 2005, when an Iraqi insurgent brought it down firing with a ZU-23 anti-aircraft artillery gun while the plane was flying at 164 ft (50 m) after it had droppedSAS special forces paratroopers.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></sup></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="143" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/C-130T_Hercules_Blue_Angels.jpg/220px-C-130T_Hercules_Blue_Angels.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></div>USMC C-130T <i>Fat Albert</i> performing aJATO takeoff</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">A prominent C-130T aircraft is <i>Fat Albert</i>, the support aircraft for the US Navy Blue Angels flight demonstration team. Although Fat Albert supports a Navy squadron, it is operated by the US Marine Corps (USMC) and its crew consists solely of USMC personnel. At some air shows featuring the team, Fat Albert takes part, performing flyovers and sometimes demonstrating its jet-assisted takeoff (JATO) capabilities, but the JATO demonstration ended in 2009 due to dwindling supplies of rockets.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FA_JATO_18-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Both the Pakistan Army and the Pakistan Air Force extensively use C-130 aircraft to support their relief and rescue operations as well as the military operations in the country.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from December 2010">[<i>citation needed</i>]</sup></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[edit]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Civilian_use">Civilian use</span></h3><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="152" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/C-130E_MAFFS_dropping_fire_retardant_Simi_Fire_Southern_California_DF-SD-05-14857.jpg/220px-C-130E_MAFFS_dropping_fire_retardant_Simi_Fire_Southern_California_DF-SD-05-14857.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></div>A C-130E fitted with a MAFFS dropping fire retardant</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The U.S. Forest Service developed the Modular Airborne FireFighting System for the C-130 in the 1970s, which allows regular aircraft to be temporarily converted to an airtanker for fighting wildfires.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></sup> In the late 1980s, 22 retired USAF C-130As were removed from storage at Davis-Monthan Air Force Baseand transferred to the U.S. Forest Service who then sold them to six private companies to be converted into air tankers (see U.S. Forest Service airtanker scandal). After one of these aircraft crashed due to wing separation in flight as a result of fatigue stress cracking, the entire fleet of C-130A air tankers was permanently grounded in 2004 (see 2002 airtanker crashes). C-130s have been used to spread chemical dispersants onto the massive oil slick in the Gulf Coast in 2010.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from June 2010">[<i>citation needed</i>]</sup></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[edit]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Variants">Variants</span></h2><div class="dablink" style="font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;">For civilian versions, see Lockheed L-100 Hercules.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Significant military variants of the C-130 include:</div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">C-130A/B/E/F/G/H/T - Tactical airlifter</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">C-130J Super Hercules - Tactical airlifter, with new engines, avionics, and updated systems</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">C-130K - Hercules designation for Royal Air Force Hercules C1/C2/C3 aircraft (C-130Js in RAF service are the Hercules C.4 and Hercules C.5)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">AC-130A/E/H/U Spectre/Spooky - Gunship variants</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">C-130D/D-6 - Ski-equipped version for snow and ice operations United States Air Force / Air National Guard</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">CC-130E/H Hercules - Designation for Canadian Forces Hercules aircraft</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">DC-130A/E - Drone control</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">EC-130</li>
</ul><dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">EC-130E/J Commando Solo - USAF / Air National Guard psychological operations version</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">EC-130E - Airborne Battlefield Command and Control Center (ABCCC)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">EC-130E Rivet Rider - Airborne psychological warfare aircraft</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">EC-130H Compass Call - Electronic warfare and electronic attack.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">EC-130V - Airborne early warning and control variant used by USCG for counter-narcotics missions <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></sup></li>
</ul></dd></dl><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">GC-130 - Unmanned aerial vehicle control</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">HC-130</li>
</ul><dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">HC-130B/E/H - Early model combat search and rescue</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">HC-130P/N Combat King - USAF aerial refueling tanker and combat search and rescue</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">HC-130J Combat King II - Next generation combat search and rescue tanker</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">HC-130H/J - USCG long-range surveillance and search and rescue</li>
</ul></dd></dl><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">JC-130 - Temporary conversion for flight test operations</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">KC-130F/R/T/J - United States Marine Corps aerial refueling tanker and tactical airlifter</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">LC-130F/H/R USAF / Air National Guard - Ski-equipped version for Arctic and Antarctic support operations.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MC-130</li>
</ul><dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MC-130E/H Combat Talon I/II - Special operations infiltration/extraction variant</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MC-130W Combat Spear - Special operations tanker/gunship <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MC130W_22-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MC-130P Combat Shadow - Special operations tanker</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">YMC-130H - Three modified under Operation Credible Sport for second Iran hostage crisis rescue attempt</li>
</ul></dd></dl><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">NC-130 - Permanent conversion for flight test operations</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">PC-130 - Maritime patrol</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">RC-130 - Surveillance aircraft for reconnaissance</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">SC-130 - Search and rescue</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">TC-130 - Aircrew training</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">VC-130 - VIP transport</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">WC-130A/B/E/H/J - Weather reconnaissance ("Hurricane Hunter") version for USAF / Air Force Reserve Command in support of the NOAA/National Weather Service's National Hurricane Center</li>
</ul><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[edit]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Operators">Operators</span></h2><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle" style="font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;">Main article: List of C-130 Hercules operators</div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 352px;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="154" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/World_operators_of_the_C-130_Hercules.PNG/350px-World_operators_of_the_C-130_Hercules.PNG" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="350" /><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></div>Countries operating the C-130 in December 2006</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="146" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/US_Navy_080629-N-5961C-001_Servicemen_from_both_the_Philippine_Air_Force_and_Army_unload_a_C-130_aircraft_of_food_and_water_for_transfer_to_waiting_U.S._helicopters%2C_which_will_deliver_to_remote_locations_throughout_Panay_Islan.jpg/220px-US_Navy_080629-N-5961C-001_Servicemen_from_both_the_Philippine_Air_Force_and_Army_unload_a_C-130_aircraft_of_food_and_water_for_transfer_to_waiting_U.S._helicopters%2C_which_will_deliver_to_remote_locations_throughout_Panay_Islan.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></div>Philippine Air Force and Army servicemen unload a C-130 of supplies for transfer to waiting U.S. helicopters for delivery to Panay Island.</div></div></div><table border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: 13px;"><tbody>
<tr valign="top"><td><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Algeria</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/22px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Angola</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="14" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Argentina</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Australia</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Austria</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Bangladesh</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Belgium</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Bolivia</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/22px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Botswana</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Brazil</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Cameroon</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Canada</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Chad</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/22px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Chile</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Republic of China (Taiwan)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Colombia</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="17" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Denmark</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Ecuador</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/22px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Egypt</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Ethiopia</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>France</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="17" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Gabon</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Greece</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/22px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Honduras</li>
</ul></td><td><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Indonesia</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Iran</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Iraq</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="16" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Israel</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Italy</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Japan</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Jordan</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Kuwait</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="12" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Liberia</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/22px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Libya</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Malaysia</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Mexico</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/22px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Morocco</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Netherlands</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/22px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>New Zealand</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="19" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/22px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Niger</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Nigeria</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="16" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Norway</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/22px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Oman</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Pakistan</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/22px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Peru</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Philippines</li>
</ul></td><td><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="14" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Poland</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Portugal</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="9" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/22px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Qatar</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Romania</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Saudi Arabia</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/22px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Singapore</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>South Africa</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>South Korea</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Spain</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Sri Lanka</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Sudan</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="14" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Sweden</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/22px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Thailand</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Tunisia</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Turkey</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>United Arab Emirates</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>United Kingdom</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="12" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>United States</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Uruguay</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/22px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Venezuela</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>South Vietnam</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/22px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Yemen</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span>Zambia</li>
</ul></td></tr>
</tbody></table><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[edit]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Operational_losses">Operational losses</span></h2><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle" style="font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;">Main article: List of C-130 Hercules crashes</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The C-130 is a reliable aircraft. The Royal Air Force recorded an accident rate of about one aircraft loss per 250,000 flying hours over the last forty years, placing it behind Vickers VC10s and Lockheed Tristars with no flying losses.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dasa_23-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></sup> However, more than 15 percent of the 2,350-plus production has been lost, including 70 by the United States Air Force and the United States Marine Corps while serving in the war in Southeast Asia. By the nature of the Hercules' worldwide service, the pattern of losses provides an interesting barometer of the global hot spots over the past fifty years.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-avs1_24-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></sup></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[edit]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Aircraft_on_display">Aircraft on display</span></h2><dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Australia</dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">C-130A RAAF A97-214, c/n 3214</dt>
<dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;">Airlifter with 36 Squadron from early 1959, withdrawn from use late 1978; now at RAAF Museum, RAAF Base Williams, Point Cook.</dd>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">C-130E RAAF A97-160, c/n 4160</dt>
<dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;">Airlifter with 37 Squadron from August 1966, withdrawn from use November 2000; to RAAF Museum, 14 November 2000, cocooned as of September 2005.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></sup></dd></dl><dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Canada</dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">CC-130E RCAF 10314, later 130314, c/n 4067</dt>
<dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;">On display at the National Air Force Museum of Canada, CFB Trenton</dd>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">CC-130E RCAF 10315, later 130315, c/n 4070</dt>
<dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;">Service with many squadrons including 436, 435, 436 (again), 413, 8 Wing, and 426 Transport Training Squadron, by June 2005. Ground trainer installed inside building, December 2007.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></sup></dd></dl><dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Norway</dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">C-130H Royal Norwegian Air Force 953, (USAF 68-10953) c.n. 4335</dt>
<dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;">Retired 10 June 2007 and moved to the Air Force museum at Oslo Gardermoen in May 2008.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></sup></dd></dl><dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Saudi Arabia</dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">C-130H RSAF 460, c/n 4566</dt>
<dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;">Operated by 4 Squadron Royal Saudi Air Force, December 1974, same January 1987. Burned on ground, air conditioner fire - in airfield corner at Jeddah, December 1989. Restored for ground training by August 1993. At Riyadh Air Base Museum, November 2002, restored for ground display by a tail swap with RSAF 473, c/n 5235.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></sup></dd></dl><dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">United States</dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">C-130A USAF 55-0037, c/n 3064</dt>
<dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;">Airlifter with 773 TCS, 483 TCW, 315 AD, 374 TCW, 815 TAS, 35 TAS, 109 TAS, belly-landed at Duluth, MN., April 1973, repaired; 167 TAS, 180 TAS, to Chanute Technical Training Center as GC-130A, May 1984; now displayed at Octave Chanute Aerospace Museum, Rantoul Aviation Complex, Rantoul, Illinois. as of November 1995.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></sup></dd>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">C-130A USAF 56-0518, c/n 3126</dt>
<dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;">Airlifter with 314 TCW, 315 AD, 41 ATS, 328 TAS; to South Vietnamese Air Force 435 Transport Squadron, November 1972; holds the C-130 record for taking off with the most personnel on board, during evacuation of SVN, 29 April 1975, with 452. Back to USAF, 185 TAS, 105 TAS; gate guard at Little Rock AFB Visitor Center by March 1993.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></sup></dd>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">C-130A USAF 57-0453, c/n 3160</dt>
<dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;">Various airlifter assignments from 1958 to 1991, last duty with 155th TAS, 164th TAG, Tennessee Air National Guard, Memphis International Airport, Tennessee, 1976-1991, named "Nite Train to Memphis"; to AMARC in December, 1991, then sent to Texas for modification into replica of C-130A-II 56-0528, shot down by Russian fighters over Soviet Yerevan, Armenia on 2 September 1958, while on ELINT mission with loss of all crew, displayed in National Vigilance Park, National Security Agency grounds, Fort George Meade, Maryland.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></sup></dd>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">C-130D USAF 57-0490, c/n 3197</dt>
<dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;">Ops with 61st TCS, 17th TCS, lost no. 1 prop in flight, belly-landed, repaired, July 1975, 139th TAS with skis, July 1975-April 1983; to MASDC, 1984-1985, GC-130D ground trainer, Chanute AFB,Illinois, 1986-1990; Chanute TTC closed, September 1993, airframe to Octave Chanute Aerospace Museum, Rantoul, Illinois, July 1994; moved to Empire State Air Museum, Schenectady County Airport, New York, placed at Stratton ANGB gate, October 1994.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></sup></dd>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">NC-130B USAF 57-0526, c/n 3502</dt>
<dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;">Second B model manufactured, initially delivered as JC-130B; assigned to 6515th Organizational Maintenance Squadron for flight testing at Edwards AFB, California on 29 November 1960; turned over to 6593rd Test Squadron's Operating Location No. 1 at Edwards AFB and spent next seven years supporting Corona Program; "J" status and prefix removed from aircraft Oct 1967; transferred to 6593rd Test Squadron at Hickam AFB, Hawaii and modified for mid-air retrieval of satellites; acquired by 6514th Test Squadron at Hill AFB in Jan 1987 and used as electronic testbed and cargo transport; aircraft retired Jan 1994 with 11,000+ flight hours and moved to Hill Aerospace Museum by January 1994.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></sup></dd>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">KC-130F USMC BuNo 149798, c/n 3680</dt>
<dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;">Used in tests in October–November 1963 by the U.S. Navy for unarrested landings and unassisted take-offs from the carrier USS Forrestal, it remains the record holder for largest aircraft to operate from a carrier flight deck, and carried the name "Look Ma, No Hook" during the tests. Retired to the National Museum of Naval Aviation, NAS Pensacola, Florida in May, 2003.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-34" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></sup></dd>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">C-130G USMC BuNo 151891, c/n 3878</dt>
<dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;">Modified to EC-130G, 1966, then testbed for EC-130Q in 1981. To TC-130G in May 1990 and assigned as Blue Angels support craft, serving as "Fat Albert Airlines" from 1991 to 2002. Retired to the National Museum of Naval Aviation at NAS Pensacola, Florida, November 2002.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></sup></dd>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">C-130E USAF 64-0525, c/n 4009</dt>
<dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;">On display at the 82nd Airborne Division War Memorial Museum at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. Aircraft was the last assigned to the 43rd AW at Pope AFB, NC prior to retirement from the USAF.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-36" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></sup></dd>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">C-130E USAF 69-6579, c/n 4354</dt>
<dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;">Ops with 61st TAS, 314th TAW, 50th AS, 61st AS; at Dyess AFB as maintenance trainer as GC-130E, March 1998;to Dyess AFB museum, January 2004.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Olausson_2010._p._74_37-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></sup></dd>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">C-130E USAF 69-6580, c/n 4356</dt>
<dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;">Ops with 61st TAS, 314th TAW, 317th TAW, 314th TAW, 317th TAW, 40th AS, 41st AS, 43rd AW, center wing cracks, April 2002, to Air Mobility Command Museum, Dover AFB, 2 February 2004.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Olausson_2010._p._74_37-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></sup></dd>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">C-130E USAF 70-1269, c/n 4423</dt>
<dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;">43rd AW, to Pope Air Park, Pope AFB, 2006.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></sup></dd>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">C-130H USAF 74-1686, c/n 4669</dt>
<dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;">Airlifter with the 463rd TAW; one of three C-130H airframes modified to YMC-130H for aborted rescue attempt of Iranian hostages, Operation Credible Sport, with rocket packages blistered onto fuselage in 1980, but these were removed after mission was canceled. Subsequent duty with the 4950th Test Wing, then donated to the Robins AFB museum, Georgia, in March 1988.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></sup></dd></dl><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[edit]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Specifications_.28C-130H.29">Specifications (C-130H)</span></h2><div class="floatright" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; position: relative;"><img alt="C-130-3-view.png" height="222" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/C-130-3-view.png/300px-C-130-3-view.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="300" /></div><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><i>Data from</i> USAF C-130 Hercules fact sheet,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-USAF_fact_40-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>41<span>]</span></sup> International Directory of Military Aircraft,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Frawley_Military_41-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></sup> Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Donald_42-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>43<span>]</span></sup> Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Eden_43-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><big><b>General characteristics</b></big></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Crew:</b> 5 (two pilots, navigator, flight engineer and loadmaster)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Capacity:</b><br />
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">92 passengers <i>or</i></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">64 airborne troops <i>or</i></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">74 litter patients with 2 medical personnel <i>or</i></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">6 pallets <i>or</i></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2–3 HMMWVs <i>or</i></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2 M113 armored personnel carrier</li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Payload:</b> 45,000 lb (20,000 kg)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Length:</b> 97 ft 9 in (29.8 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Wingspan:</b> 132 ft 7 in (40.4 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Height:</b> 38 ft 3 in (11.6 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Wing area:</b> 1,745 ft² (162.1 m²)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Empty weight:</b> 75,800 lb (34,400 kg)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Useful load:</b> 72,000 lb (33,000 kg)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Max takeoff weight:</b> 155,000 lb (70,300 kg)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Powerplant:</b> 4× Allison T56-A-15 turboprops, 4,590 shp (3,430 kW) each</li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><big><b>Performance</b></big></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Maximum speed:</b> 320 knots (366 mph, 592 km/h) at 20,000 ft (6,060 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Cruise speed:</b> 292 kn (336 mph, 540 km/h)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Range:</b> 2,050 nmi (2,360 mi, 3,800 km)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Service ceiling:</b> 33,000 ft (10,060 m) empty;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>45<span>]</span></sup> 23,000 ft (7,077 m) with 42,000 pounds (19,090 kilograms) payload ()</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Rate of climb:</b> 1,830 ft/min (9.3 m/s)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Takeoff distance:</b> 3,586 ft (1,093 m) at 155,000 lb (70,300 kg) max gross weight;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Eden_43-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></sup> 1,400 ft (427 m) at 80,000 lb (36,300 kg) gross weight<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>46<span>]</span></sup></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><big><b>Avionics</b></big></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Westinghouse Electronic Systems (now Northrop Grumman) AN/APN-241 weather and navigational radar<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span>[</span>47<span>]</span></sup></li>
</ul><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[edit]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2><div class="noprint tright portal" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em;"><table style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-size: 11px; line-height: 12px; max-width: 175px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"></td><td style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><b><i><br />
</i></b></td></tr>
<tr valign="middle"><td style="text-align: center;"><br />
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><b><i><br />
</i></b></td></tr>
<tr valign="middle"><td style="text-align: center;"><br />
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><b><i><br />
</i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><big><b>Related development</b></big></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Lockheed AC-130</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Lockheed DC-130</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Lockheed EC-130</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Lockheed EC-130H Compass Call</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Lockheed HC-130</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Lockheed Martin KC-130</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Lockheed LC-130</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Lockheed MC-130</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Lockheed WC-130</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Lockheed L-100 Hercules</li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><big><b>Comparable aircraft</b></big></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Antonov An-12</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Armstrong Whitworth AW.660 Argosy</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Blackburn Beverley</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Shaanxi Y-8</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Short Belfast</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Transall C-160</li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><big><b>Related lists</b></big></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">List of active Canadian military aircraft</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">List of active United Kingdom military aircraft</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">List of active United States military aircraft</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">List of military aircraft of the United States (naval)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">List of aircraft of the Israeli Air Force</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial;">List of C-130 Hercules crashes</span></span></li>
</ul></span></div><br />
</span></div><br />
<br />
</span></div>ALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2444015428987296349.post-17724139559699828082010-12-25T18:44:00.000-08:002010-12-25T18:44:45.689-08:00Mil Mi-24<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TRarZdV68oI/AAAAAAAAADo/ZSWr3ngrqAM/s1600/800px-Mi-24_Desert_Rescue.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TRarZdV68oI/AAAAAAAAADo/ZSWr3ngrqAM/s320/800px-Mi-24_Desert_Rescue.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px;"></span></b></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><b><b>Mil Mi-24</b> (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kode_NATO" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kode NATO">kode NATO</a>: <b>Hind</b>) merupakan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helikopter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Helikopter">helikopter</a> tempur dan pengangkut buatan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Soviet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a>. Helikopter ini mulai dioperasikan pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1976">1976</a> oleh Soviet, dan saat ini masih dipakai oleh 30 negara lainnya.</b></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><b>Kode <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="NATO">NATO</a> untuk helikopter ini adalah <i>Hind</i>, dan variannya diidentifikasikan dengan menambahkan huruf. Versi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekspor" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ekspor">ekspor</a> helikopter ini, <b>Mi-25</b> dan <b>Mi-35</b>, disebut <i>Hind D</i> dan <i>Hind E</i>. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pilot">Pilot</a> Soviet menyebut helikopter ini <i>letayushiy tank</i>, yang artinya "tank terbang". Nama julukan lazim lainnnya adalah<i>Krokodil</i> (Buaya), karena bentuk dan warna kamuflasenya.</b></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><table class="infobox" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; color: black; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: left; width: 23em;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 10em;"><b>Tipe</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helikopter_serang&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Helikopter serang (halaman belum tersedia)">Helikopter serang</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Produsen</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mil_Moscow_Helicopter_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant (halaman belum tersedia)">Mil</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Terbang perdana</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">1970</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Diperkenalkan</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">1974</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Status</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Active</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Pengguna</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Rusia<br />
sekitar 50 negara lain</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Jumlah produksi</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">sekitar 2000</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Acuan dasar</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mil_Mi-8&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Mil Mi-8 (halaman belum tersedia)">Mil Mi-8</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Varian</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mil_Mi-28&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Mil Mi-28 (halaman belum tersedia)">Mil Mi-28</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><b><span class="mw-headline" id="Karakteristik">Karakteristik</span></b></h2><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><b>Dasar helikopter ini dikembangkan dari <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mil_Mi-8&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Mil Mi-8 (halaman belum tersedia)">Mil Mi-8</a>, yaitu dengan dengan dua <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mesin_turboshaft&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Mesin turboshaft (halaman belum tersedia)">mesin turboshaft</a> yang memutar lima bilah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baling-baling" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Baling-baling">baling-baling</a> 17,5 meter utama dan tiga bilah baling-baling belakang. Posisi mesinnya menghasilkan dua saluran udara yang khas, selain itu, versi D dan selanjutnya memiliki <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokpit" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kokpit">kokpit</a> ganda berbentuk gelembung yang membuatnya mudah dikenali.</b></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 242px;"><b><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Mi-24_Desert_Rescue.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="160" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Mi-24_Desert_Rescue.jpg/240px-Mi-24_Desert_Rescue.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="240" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Mi-24_Desert_Rescue.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Mi-24D milik pusat pengetesan dan evaluasi<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Darat_Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat">Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat</a>.</div></b></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><b>Penempatan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senjata" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Senjata">senjata</a> dilakukan pada sayap pendek, yang juga berfungsi memberikan dorongan terbang, dimana setiap sayap memiliki tiga titik penempatan. Badan helikopter memiliki lapisan pelindung yang tebal, dan baling-balingnya yang terbuat dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Titanium">titanium</a> yang tahan tembakan sampai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliber_peluru" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kaliber peluru">kaliber</a>12,7 mm. Kokpit helikopter dibuat <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kedap_udara&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Kedap udara (halaman belum tersedia)">kedap udara</a> agar tahan dalam <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kondisi_NBC&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Kondisi NBC (halaman belum tersedia)">kondisi NBC</a>. Mi-24 menggunakan tiga roda pendaratan yang dapat dimasukkan ke dalam badan. Sebagai helikopter angkut dan tempur, Mi-24 belum memiliki helikopter <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="NATO">NATO</a> yang sejenis.</b></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><b><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mil_Mi-24&action=edit&section=2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Operators">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Operators">Operators</span></b></h2><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 352px;"><b><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Mi-24_operaters_2009.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="151" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Mi-24_operaters_2009.png/350px-Mi-24_operaters_2009.png" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="350" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Mi-24_operaters_2009.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Operator Mi-24, Mi-25, dan Mi-35</div></b></div></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 302px;"><b><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Mi-24D.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="Mi-24D.jpg" class="thumbimage" height="225" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Mi-24D.jpg/300px-Mi-24D.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="300" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; 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width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><b><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Helicopter_Cockpit_Mil_Mi-24D_Hind.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="Helicopter Cockpit Mil Mi-24D Hind.jpg" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Helicopter_Cockpit_Mil_Mi-24D_Hind.jpg/220px-Helicopter_Cockpit_Mil_Mi-24D_Hind.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; 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width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><b><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Mi-24_Super_Agile_Hind_on_ground_2006.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="Mi-24 Super Agile Hind on ground 2006.jpg" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mi-24_Super_Agile_Hind_on_ground_2006.jpg/220px-Mi-24_Super_Agile_Hind_on_ground_2006.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; 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width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><b><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Mi-24_Super_Agile_Hind_in_flight_2006.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="Mi-24 Super Agile Hind in flight 2006.jpg" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Mi-24_Super_Agile_Hind_in_flight_2006.jpg/220px-Mi-24_Super_Agile_Hind_in_flight_2006.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Mi-24_Super_Agile_Hind_in_flight_2006.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div></div></b></div></div><dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Afghanistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Afghanistan.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Afganistan">Afghanistan</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljazair" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Aljazair">Algeria</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/22px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angola" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Angola">Angola</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasil" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Brasil">Brazil</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/22px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkina_Faso" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Chad">Chad</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siprus" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Siprus">Cyprus</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kuba">Cuba</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Ceko" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Republik Ceko">Czech Republic</a></b></dt>
</dl><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><b><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Mi-24_N09_l.JPG" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="146" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Mi-24_N09_l.JPG/220px-Mi-24_N09_l.JPG" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Mi-24_N09_l.JPG" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>AU Georgia</div></b></div></div><dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jerman">Jerman</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/22px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djibouti" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/22px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_Khatulistiwa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Guinea Khatulistiwa">Equatorial Guinea</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/22px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Georgia">Georgia</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bendera Guinea"><img alt="Bendera Guinea" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/22px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /></a></span></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongaria" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hongaria">Hungary</a></b></dt>
</dl><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><b><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Mi-35_Hind_Akbar.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Mi-35_Hind_Akbar.jpg/220px-Mi-35_Hind_Akbar.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Mi-35_Hind_Akbar.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Mi-35 <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AU_India&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="AU India (halaman belum tersedia)">AU India</a></div></b></div></div><dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="India">India</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Iran">Iran</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irak" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Irak">Iraq</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Cote_d%27Ivoire.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cote_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantai_Gading" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pantai Gading">Ivory Coast</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bendera Kazakhstan"><img alt="Bendera Kazakhstan" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /></a></span></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgizstan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bendera Kirgizstan"><img alt="Bendera Kirgizstan" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /></a></span></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/22px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Libya">Libya</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Makedonia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bendera Republik Makedonia"><img alt="Bendera Republik Makedonia" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_Macedonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Macedonia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /></a></span></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mali">Mali</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meksiko" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Meksiko">Mexico</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bendera Mozambik"><img alt="Bendera Mozambik" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /></a></span></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="16" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/22px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikaragua" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nikaragua">Nicaragua</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="19" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/22px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Niger">Niger</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Utara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Korea Utara">North Korea</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/22px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Peru">Peru</a></b></dt>
</dl><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><b><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Mi-24_4.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="113" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mi-24_4.jpg/220px-Mi-24_4.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Mi-24_4.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Mi-24W (V) Polandia</div></b></div></div><dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="14" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Polandia">Poland</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rusia">Russia</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/22px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Saudi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Arab Saudi">Saudi Arabia</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slowakia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Slowakia">Slovakia</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Suriah">Syria</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bendera Tajikistan"><img alt="Bendera Tajikistan" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /></a></span></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraina" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ukraina">Ukraine</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="12" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Amerika Serikat">USA</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bendera Uzbekistan"><img alt="Bendera Uzbekistan" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /></a></span></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/22px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/22px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/22px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Yaman">Yemen</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/22px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></b></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><br />
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<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Spesifikasi_.28Mi-24.29">Spesifikasi (Mi-24)</span></h2><div class="floatright" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; position: relative;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Mil_Mi-24_HIND.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Orthographic projection of the Mil Mi-24."><img alt="Orthographic projection of the Mil Mi-24." height="188" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Mil_Mi-24_HIND.png/280px-Mil_Mi-24_HIND.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="280" /></a></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.2em; width: auto;">Karakteristik umum</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Kru: 3 (pilot, perwira persenjataan, teknisi)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Kapasitas: 8 prajurit atau 4 tandu</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Panjang: 17,5 m (57 ft 4 in)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Diameter baling-baling: 17,3 m (56 ft 7 in)</li>
</ul><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Rentang Sayap:</b> 6,5 m)</li>
</ul><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Tinggi: 6,5 m (21 ft 3 in)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Area piringan: 235 m² (2.529,52 ft²)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Berat kosong: 8.500 kg (18.740 lb)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Berat maksimum lepas landas: 12.000 kg (26.455 lb)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Mesin: 2× turbin <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isotov_TV3-117&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Isotov TV3-117 (halaman belum tersedia)">Isotov TV3-117</a>, 1.600 kW (2.200 hp) masing-masing</li>
</ul><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">Performa</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vno&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Vno (halaman belum tersedia)">Kecepatan maksimum</a>: 335 km/h (208 mph)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarak_jangkau" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jarak jangkau">Jarak jangkau</a>: 450 km (280 miles)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batas_tertinggi_servis&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Batas tertinggi servis (halaman belum tersedia)">Batas tertinggi servis</a>: 4.500 m (14.750 ft)</li>
</ul><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">Persenjataan</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">12,7 mm YaKB-12.7 Yakushev-Borzov multi-barrel machinegun</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">1500 kg bom</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">4× <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peluru_kendali_anti_tank" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Peluru kendali anti tank">Peluru kendali anti tank</a> (<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AT-2_Swatter&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="AT-2 Swatter (halaman belum tersedia)">AT-2 Swatter</a> atau <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AT-6_Spiral&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="AT-6 Spiral (halaman belum tersedia)">AT-6 Spiral</a>)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">4× 57 mm <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S-5_rocket&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="S-5 rocket (halaman belum tersedia)">S-5 rocket</a> pod atau 4× 80 mm <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S-8_rocket&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="S-8 rocket (halaman belum tersedia)">S-8 rocket</a> pod</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2× 23 mm meriam dua laras atau</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">4× tangki bahan bakar eksternal</li>
</ul></span></b></dt>
</dl>ALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2444015428987296349.post-62578000930384437502010-12-25T17:42:00.000-08:002010-12-25T17:42:09.750-08:00F-35 Lightning II<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TRabcTra_nI/AAAAAAAAADc/yMMupwWnMVE/s1600/800px-F-35_Lightning-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="228" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TRabcTra_nI/AAAAAAAAADc/yMMupwWnMVE/s320/800px-F-35_Lightning-1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><b>F-35 Lightning II</b> adalah hasil pengembangan dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_udara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat udara">pesawat</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-35" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="X-35">X-35</a> dalam program <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joint_Strike_Fighter&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Joint Strike Fighter (halaman belum tersedia)">Joint Strike Fighter</a></i>. Pesawat ini adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_tempur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat tempur">pesawat tempur</a>berkursi tunggal, bermesin tunggal, yang dapat melakukan banyak fungsi, antara lain pertempuran <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Udara-ke-udara&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Udara-ke-udara (halaman belum tersedia)">udara-ke-udara</a>, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dukungan_udara_jarak_dekat&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Dukungan udara jarak dekat (halaman belum tersedia)">dukungan udara jarak dekat</a>, dan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pengeboman_taktis&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Pengeboman taktis (halaman belum tersedia)">pengeboman taktis</a>. Pengembangan pesawat ini dibiayai oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britania_Raya" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a> dan beberapa negara lainnya. Pesawat ini dikembangkan dan diproduksi oleh industri kedirgantaraan yang dipimpin oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a> serta dua rekan utamanya, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="BAE Systems">BAE Systems</a> dan<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northrop_Grumman" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Northrop Grumman">Northrop Grumman</a>. Pesawat demonstrasi pertama kali terbang pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2000">2000</a>, dan pesawat versi produksi pertama kali terbang pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/15_Desember" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="15 Desember">15 Desember</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2006">2006</a>.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<table class="infobox" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; color: black; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: left; width: 23em;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 10em;"><b> Tipe</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Pesawat tempur multi-peran</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Produsen</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Aeronautics" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lockheed Martin Aeronautics">Lockheed Martin Aeronautics</a><br />
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northrop_Grumman" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Northrop Grumman">Northrop Grumman</a><br />
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="BAE Systems">BAE Systems</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Terbang perdana</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/15_Desember" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="15 Desember">15 Desember</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2006">2006</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Diperkenalkan</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2011">2011</a> (dijadwalkan)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Status</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Praproduksi</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Pengguna</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amerika_Serikat_dan_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Amerika Serikat dan Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Amerika Serikat dan Britania Raya</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Tahun produksi</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">2003-sekarang</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Harga satuan</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">F-35A: US$48 juta<br />
F-35B: US$62 juta<br />
F-35C: US$63 juta</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Acuan dasar</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_X-35" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lockheed Martin X-35">Lockheed Martin X-35</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Sejarah">Sejarah</span></h2><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Program_JAST"><br />
Program JAST</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Program <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joint_Advanced_Strike_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Joint Advanced Strike Technology (halaman belum tersedia)">Joint Advanced Strike Technology</a></i> (JAST) dimulai pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1993">1993</a> dari hasil <i>Bottom-Up-Review</i> <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Departemen_Pertahanan_Amerika_Serikat_dan_Dragunov_Serikat&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Departemen Pertahanan Amerika Serikat dan Dragunov Serikat (halaman belum tersedia)">Departemen Pertahanan Amerika Serikat dan Dragunov Serikat</a> . Departemen Pertahanan juga memutuskan untuk tetap mengembangkan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="F-22">F-22</a> yang sewaktu itu kontroversial, membatalkan program <i>Multi-Role Fighter</i> (MRF) dan A/F-X, serta menghentikan pembelian <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-16" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="F-16">F-16</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/F/A-18C/D" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="F/A-18C/D">F/A-18C/D</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Kantor program JAST dibentuk pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/27_Januari" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="27 Januari">27 Januari</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1994">1994</a>. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengembangkan pesawat, persenjataan, dan teknologi sensorik yang akan dipakai pada pengembangan pesawat taktis di masa depan. Kemudian program JAST digabungkan dengan program <i>Common Affordable Lightweight Fighter</i> (CALF), membentuk program <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joint_Strike_Fighter&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Joint Strike Fighter (halaman belum tersedia)">Joint Strike Fighter</a></i> (JSF).</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="X-32_dan_X-35">X-32 dan X-35</span></h3><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 242px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:X-35.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="191" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/X-35.jpg/240px-X-35.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="240" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:X-35.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Pesawat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_X-35" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lockheed Martin X-35">Lockheed Martin X-35</a>.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Kontrak JSF diberikan kepada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> pada tanggal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/16_November" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="16 November">16 November</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1996">1996</a>. Masing-masing perusahaan diharuskan untuk membuat dua pesawat yang dapat mendemonstrasikan lepas landas dan mendarat konvensional (<i>conventional takeoff and landing</i>, CTOL), lepas landas dan mendarat pada kapal induk, dan lepas landas pendek dan mendarat vertikal (<i>short-takeoff and vertical-landing</i>, STOVL). Lockheed Martin mengembangkan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-35" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="X-35">X-35</a> dan Boeing mengembangkan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=X-32&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="X-32 (halaman belum tersedia)">X-32</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pada tanggal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/26_Oktober" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="26 Oktober">26 Oktober</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2001">2001</a>, diumumkan bahwa X-35 Lockheed Martin mengalahkan X-32 Boeing. Petinggi Departemen Pertahanan Amerika Serikat dan Inggris menyatakan bahwa X-35 secara konsisten mengungguli X-32, walaupun keduanya sudah memenuhi syarat.</div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Penamaan"><br />
Penamaan</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Lockheed Martin, yang mengembangkan pesawat ini dengan nama "F-24", terkejut ketika mengetahui bahwa pesawat ini akan diberi nama "F-35". Pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_Juli" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="7 Juli">7 Juli</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2006">2006</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Udara_Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat">Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat</a> secara resmi mengumumkan nama F-35, yaitu <i>Lighting II</i>. Nama ini juga dipakai untuk mengenang pesawat sebelumnya, yaitu <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P-38_Lightning&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="P-38 Lightning (halaman belum tersedia)">P-38 Lightning</a> dan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=English_Electric_Lightning&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="English Electric Lightning (halaman belum tersedia)">English Electric Lightning</a>. Nama lain yang sempat dipikirkan adalah <i>Kestrel</i>, <i>Phoenix</i>, <i>Piasa</i>, <i>Black Mamba</i>, dan<i>Spitfire II</i>. <i>Lighting II</i> juga sempat menjadi nama untuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="F-22 Raptor">F-22 Raptor</a>.</div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Pengetesan"><br />
Pengetesan</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_Februari" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="19 Februari">19 Februari</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2006">2006</a>, F-35A pertama dimunculkan di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a>. Pesawat ini melewati pengetesan darat yang berat di <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edwards_Air_Force_Base&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Edwards Air Force Base (halaman belum tersedia)">Edwards Air Force Base</a> pada musim gugur <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2006">2006</a>. Pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/15_September" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="15 September">15 September</a>, pengetesan pertama mesin <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Pratt & Whitney F135 (halaman belum tersedia)">Pratt & Whitney F135</a> dilakukan, dan diselesaikan pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/18_September" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="18 September">18 September</a> dengan pengetesan <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterburner" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Afterburner">afterburner</a></i>. Kemudian pada tanggal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/15_Desember" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="15 Desember">15 Desember</a>, F-35A melakukan penerbangan pertamanya.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Varian">Varian</span></h2><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 242px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:F-35A_-_Inauguration_Towing.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="192" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/F-35A_-_Inauguration_Towing.jpg/240px-F-35A_-_Inauguration_Towing.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="240" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:F-35A_-_Inauguration_Towing.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>F-35A pada upacara inagurasinya.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Program <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joint_Strike_Fighter&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Joint Strike Fighter (halaman belum tersedia)">Joint Strike Fighter</a></i> didirikan untuk mengantikan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_tempur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat tempur">pesawat tempur</a> lama, dengan biaya pengembangan, produksi, dan operasi yang relatif kecil. Ini dicapai dengan membuat pesawat tempur dengan tiga varian, yang masing-masing memiliki kesamaan 80%. Ketiga varian tersebut adalah:</div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>F-35A</b>, Pesawat lepas landas dan mendarat konvensional (<i>conventional takeoff and landing</i>, CTOL) yang akan menggantikan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-16_Fighting_Falcon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16 Fighting Falcon</a><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Udara_Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat">Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat</a> mulai tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2011">2011</a>.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>F-35B</b>, Pesawat lepas landas pendek dan mendarat vertikal (<i>short-takeoff and vertical-landing</i>, STOVL) yang akan menggantikan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AV-8_Harrier_II&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="AV-8 Harrier II (halaman belum tersedia)">AV-8 Harrier II</a> dan<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/F/A-18_Hornet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="F/A-18 Hornet">F/A-18 Hornet</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korps_Marinir_Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Korps Marinir Amerika Serikat">Korps Marinir Amerika Serikat</a> serta <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Laut_Italia&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Angkatan Laut Italia (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Laut Italia</a>, dan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harrier_GR7/GR9&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Harrier GR7/GR9 (halaman belum tersedia)">Harrier GR7/GR9</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britania_Raya" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a> mulai tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2012">2012</a>.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>F-35C</b>, Pesawat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapal_induk" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kapal induk">kapal induk</a> yang akan menggantikan F/A-18 Hornet (varian A/B/C/D saja) <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Laut_Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat">Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat</a> mulai tahun 2012.</li>
</ul><div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Spesifikasi_.28F-35A_Lightning_II.29">Spesifikasi (F-35A Lightning II)</span></h2></div><div><span class="mw-headline" id="Spesifikasi_.28F-35A_Lightning_II.29"><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.2em; width: auto;">Karakteristik umum</h3><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TRacnvFnolI/AAAAAAAAADg/EVeHZdvQyFo/s1600/796px-F35ctolstores.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TRacnvFnolI/AAAAAAAAADg/EVeHZdvQyFo/s320/796px-F35ctolstores.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Kru: 1</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Panjang: 51.4 ft (15.67 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Lebar sayap: 35 ft (10.7 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Tinggi: 14.2 ft (4.33 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Area sayap: 460 ft², (42.7 m²)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Berat kosong: 29,300 lb (13,300 kg)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Berat terisi: 44,400 lb (20,100 kg)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Berat maksimum lepas landas: 70,000 lb (31,800 kg)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Mesin: 1× <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Pratt & Whitney F135 (halaman belum tersedia)">Pratt & Whitney F135</a> afterburning <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbofan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Turbofan">turbofan</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Dorongan kering: 28,000 lbf (125 kN)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Dorongan dengan <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterburner" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Afterburner">afterburner</a></i>: 43,000 <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pound-force&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Pound-force (halaman belum tersedia)">lbf</a> (191 kN)<b>Internal fuel:</b>18,480 lb (8,382 kg)</li>
</ul></li>
</ul><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">Performa</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vno&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Vno (halaman belum tersedia)">Kecepatan maksimum</a>: <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mach_number&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Mach number (halaman belum tersedia)">Mach</a> 1.67 (1,283 mph, 2,065 km/h)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarak_jangkau" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jarak jangkau">Jarak jangkau</a>: 1,200 <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_mile" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nautical mile">nmi</a> (2,220 km) on internal fuel</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Radius tempur: 610 nmi (1,110 km) on internal fuel</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batas_tertinggi_servis&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Batas tertinggi servis (halaman belum tersedia)">Batas tertinggi servis</a>: 60,000 ft (18,288 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laju_panjat&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Laju panjat (halaman belum tersedia)">Laju panjat</a>: <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Classified_information_in_the_United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Classified information in the United States (halaman belum tersedia)">classified</a> (not publicly available)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beban_sayap&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Beban sayap (halaman belum tersedia)">Beban sayap</a></i>: 91.4 lb/ft² (446 kg/m²)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rasio_dorongan_banding_berat_ratio&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Rasio dorongan banding berat ratio (halaman belum tersedia)">Dorongan/berat</a>:<br />
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>With full fuel:</b>0.84;</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>With 50% fuel:</b>1.04 B:</li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><i>g</i>-Limits:</b> 9 <i>g</i></li>
</ul><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">Persenjataan</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Senjata api: 1 × <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GAU-12_Equalizer&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="GAU-12 Equalizer (halaman belum tersedia)">GAU-22/A</a> <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=25_mm_caliber&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="25 mm caliber (halaman belum tersedia)">25 mm (0.984 in)</a> cannon internally with 180 rounds group="nb">fitted as an external pod with 220 rounds in the F-35B and F-35C</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Titik keras: 6× external pylons on wings with a capacity of 15,000 lb (6,800 kg) and 2× internal bays with 2 pylons each for a total weapons payload of 18,000 lb,with provisions to carry combinations of:<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Rudal:<br />
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Air-to-air</b>: <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AIM-120_AMRAAM&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="AIM-120 AMRAAM (halaman belum tersedia)">AIM-120 AMRAAM</a>, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AIM-132_ASRAAM&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="AIM-132 ASRAAM (halaman belum tersedia)">AIM-132 ASRAAM</a>, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AIM-9X_Sidewinder&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="AIM-9X Sidewinder (halaman belum tersedia)">AIM-9X Sidewinder</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Air-to-ground</b>: <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AGM-154_JSOW&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="AGM-154 JSOW (halaman belum tersedia)">AGM-154 JSOW</a>, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AGM-158_JASSM&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="AGM-158 JASSM (halaman belum tersedia)">AGM-158 JASSM</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Bom:<br />
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark_84_bomb&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Mark 84 bomb (halaman belum tersedia)">Mark 84</a>, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark_83_bomb&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Mark 83 bomb (halaman belum tersedia)">Mark 83</a> and <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark_82_bomb&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Mark 82 bomb (halaman belum tersedia)">Mark 82</a> GP bombs</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CBU-100&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="CBU-100 (halaman belum tersedia)">Mk.20 Rockeye II</a> cluster bomb</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wind_Corrected_Munitions_Dispenser&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser (halaman belum tersedia)">Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser</a> capable</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paveway&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Paveway (halaman belum tersedia)">Paveway</a>-series laser-guided bombs</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Small_Diameter_Bomb&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Small Diameter Bomb (halaman belum tersedia)">Small Diameter Bomb</a> (SDB)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JDAM&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="JDAM (halaman belum tersedia)">JDAM</a>-series</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">A future nuclear weapon</li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
</ul><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">Avionik</h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AN/APG-81&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="AN/APG-81 (halaman belum tersedia)">AN/APG-81</a></div></span></div>ALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2444015428987296349.post-53092547360245232692010-12-23T00:25:00.000-08:002010-12-23T00:25:59.226-08:00F-4 Phantom II<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TRMG8v__WoI/AAAAAAAAADU/E8UPX6YRCp0/s1600/windowslivewriterf4phantomii-a6f5f-4-phantom-ii-vf-3012.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="254" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TRMG8v__WoI/AAAAAAAAADU/E8UPX6YRCp0/s320/windowslivewriterf4phantomii-a6f5f-4-phantom-ii-vf-3012.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><b>F-4 Phantom II</b> adalah <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pesawat_tempur_pengebom&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat tempur pengebom (halaman belum tersedia)">pesawat tempur pengebom</a> buatan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>. Pesawat ini berukuran besar, bermesin ganda dan terutama digunakan oleh<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Udara_Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat">Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Laut_Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat">Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat</a>, serta <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korps_Marinir_Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Korps Marinir Amerika Serikat">Korps Marinir Amerika Serikat</a>. Saat ini F-4 sudah pensiun di Amerika Serikat, tetapi masih aktif di beberapa negara di luar Amerika serikat, seperti di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Iran">Iran</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Israel">Israel</a>. Sampai tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2001">2001</a> masih ada 1000 pesawat jenis ini yang digunakan di 11 negara.</div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:QF-4.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="100" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/QF-4.jpg/220px-QF-4.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:QF-4.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>QF-4 Phantom 74-626 di McGuire Air Force Base, 12 Mei 2007. A-10 Thunderbolt II dilatar belakang.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">F-4 USAF menjatuhkan 107½ MiG Asia Tenggara (50 dengan Sparrow, 31 dengan Sidewinder, 5 dengan Falcon, 15.5 dengan senapan mesin, dan 6 dengan yang lainnya</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><table class="infobox" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; color: black; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: left; width: 23em;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 10em;"><b>Tipe</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pesawat_tempur_pengebom&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat tempur pengebom (halaman belum tersedia)">Pesawat tempur pengebom</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Produsen</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a><br />
(<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9e" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Née">née</a> <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Aircraft&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="McDonnell Aircraft (halaman belum tersedia)">McDonnell Aircraft</a>)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Perancang</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_S._Lewis,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="David S. Lewis, Jr. (halaman belum tersedia)">David S. Lewis, Jr.</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Terbang perdana</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=27_May&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="27 May (halaman belum tersedia)">27 May</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1958">1958</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Status</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">1.100 aktif sebagai<i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drone&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Drone (halaman belum tersedia)">drone</a></i> di AS dan aktif di luar AS</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Pengguna</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a><br />
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Iran">Iran</a><br />
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Israel">Israel</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Tahun produksi</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">1958-1981</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Jumlah produksi</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">5.195</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Harga satuan</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">2,4 juta <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar_AS" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: underline;" title="Dolar AS">dolar AS</a>ketika baru (F-4E)</td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" class="wikitable" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1em; margin-top: 1em;"><tbody>
<tr><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;">Aircraft</th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;">Weapons/Tactics</th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;">MiG-17</th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;">MiG-19</th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;">MiG-21</th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;">Total</th></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">F-4C</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">AIM-7 Sparrow</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">4</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">10</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">14</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">AIM-9 Sidewinder</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">12</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">10</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">22</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">20 mm gun</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">3</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">1</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">4</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Maneuvering tactics</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">2</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">2</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">F-4D</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">AIM-4 Falcon</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">4</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">1</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">5</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">AIM-7 Sparrow</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">4</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">2</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">20</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">26</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">AIM-9 Sidewinder</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">2</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">3</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">5</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">20 mm gun</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">4.5</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">2</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">6</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Maneuvering tactics</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">2</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">2</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">F-4E</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">AIM-7 Sparrow</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">2</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">8</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">10</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">AIM-9 Sidewinder</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">4</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">4</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">AIM-9+20 mm gun</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">1</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">1</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">20 mm gun</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">1</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">4</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">5</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Maneuvering tactics</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">1</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">1</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Total</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">33.5</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">8</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">66</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">107.5<br />
</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Spesifikasi_.28F-4E.29">Spesifikasi (F-4E)</span></h2><div class="floatright" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; position: relative;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:McDONNELL_DOUGLAS_F-4_PHANTOM_II.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Orthographically projected diagram of the F-4B Phantom II."><img alt="Orthographically projected diagram of the F-4B Phantom II." height="201" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/McDONNELL_DOUGLAS_F-4_PHANTOM_II.png/300px-McDONNELL_DOUGLAS_F-4_PHANTOM_II.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="300" /></a></div><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><i><br />
</i></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.2em; width: auto;">Karakteristik umum</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Kru: 2</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Panjang: 63 ft 0 in (19.2 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Lebar sayap: 38 ft 4.5 in (11.7 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Tinggi: 16 ft 6 in (5.0 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Area sayap: 530.0 ft² (49.2 m²)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Airfoil&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Airfoil (halaman belum tersedia)">Airfoil</a></i>: <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NACA_airfoil&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="NACA airfoil (halaman belum tersedia)">NACA 0006.4-64</a> root, NACA 0003-64 tip</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Berat kosong: 30,328 lb (13,757 kg)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Berat terisi: 41,500 lb (18,825 kg)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Berat maksimum lepas landas: 61,795 lb (28,030 kg)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Mesin: 2× <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Electric_J79&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="General Electric J79 (halaman belum tersedia)">General Electric J79</a>-GE-17A <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Axial_compressor&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Axial compressor (halaman belum tersedia)">axial compressor</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbojet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Turbojet">turbojets</a>, 17,845 lbf (79.6 kN) masing-masing</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zero-lift_drag_coefficient&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Zero-lift drag coefficient (halaman belum tersedia)">Zero-lift drag coefficient</a>:</b> 0.0224</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zero-lift_drag_coefficient&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Zero-lift drag coefficient (halaman belum tersedia)">Drag area:</a></b> 11.87 ft² (1.10 m²)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aspect_ratio_(wing)&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Aspect ratio (wing) (halaman belum tersedia)">Aspect ratio</a>:</b> 2.77</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Fuel capacity:</b> 1,994 US gal (7,549 L) internal, 3,335 US gal (12,627 L) with three external tanks</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Maximum landing weight:</b> 36,831 lb (16,706 kg)</li>
</ul><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">Performa</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vno&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Vno (halaman belum tersedia)">Kecepatan maksimum</a>: <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mach_number&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Mach number (halaman belum tersedia)">Mach</a> 2.23 (1,472 mph, 2,370 km/h) at 40,000 ft (12,190 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VC_speed&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="VC speed (halaman belum tersedia)">Kecepatan jelajah</a>: 506 knots (585 mph, 940 km/h)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Radius tempur: 367 nm (422 mi, 680 km)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Jarak jangkau ferri: 1,403 nm (1,615 mi, 2,600 km) with 3 external fuel tanks</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batas_tertinggi_servis&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Batas tertinggi servis (halaman belum tersedia)">Batas tertinggi servis</a>: 60,000 ft (18,300 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laju_panjat&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Laju panjat (halaman belum tersedia)">Laju panjat</a>: 41,300 ft/min (210 m/s)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beban_sayap&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Beban sayap (halaman belum tersedia)">Beban sayap</a></i>: 78 lb/ft² (383 kg/m²)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rasio_dorongan_banding_berat_ratio&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Rasio dorongan banding berat ratio (halaman belum tersedia)">Dorongan/berat</a>: 0.86</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lift-to-drag_ratio&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Lift-to-drag ratio (halaman belum tersedia)">Lift-to-drag ratio</a>:</b> 8.58</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Takeoff roll:</b> 4,490 ft (1,370 m) at 53,814 lb (24,410 kg)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Landing roll:</b> 3,680 ft (1,120 m) at 36,831 lb (16,706 kg)</li>
</ul><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">Persenjataan</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">1x 20 mm <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M61_Vulcan&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="M61 Vulcan (halaman belum tersedia)">M61 Vulcan</a> gatling cannon, 639 rounds</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Up to 18,650 lb (8,480 kg) of weapons on nine external hardpoints, including general purpose bombs, cluster bombs, TV- and laser-guided bombs, rocket pods, air-to-ground missiles, anti-runway weapons, anti-ship missiles, targeting pods, recce pods, and nuclear weapons. Baggage pods may also be carried. External fuel tanks of 370 US gal (1,420 l) capacity for the outer wing hardpoints and either a 600 or 610 US gal (2,310 or 2,345 l) fuel tank for the centerline station can be fitted to extend the range.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">4x <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIM-7_Sparrow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="AIM-7 Sparrow">AIM-7 Sparrow</a> in fuselage recesses plus 4x <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIM-9_Sidewinder" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="AIM-9 Sidewinder">AIM-9 Sidewinders</a> on wing pylons; upgraded Hellenic F-4E and German F-4F ICE carry <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AIM-120_AMRAAM&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="AIM-120 AMRAAM (halaman belum tersedia)">AIM-120 AMRAAM</a>, Japanese F-4EJ Kai carry <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_AAM-3&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Mitsubishi AAM-3 (halaman belum tersedia)">AAM-3</a>, Hellenic F-4E will carry <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IRIS-T&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="IRIS-T (halaman belum tersedia)">IRIS-T</a> in future. Iranian F-4s could potentially carry Russian and Red Chinese missiles. UK Phantoms eventually (1978) replaced the AIM-7 Sparrow with <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyflash" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Skyflash">Skyflash</a> missiles.</li>
</ul>ALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2444015428987296349.post-36129283541081440762010-12-18T02:39:00.000-08:002010-12-18T02:39:29.820-08:00KRI Dewaruci<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQyPD8fW6PI/AAAAAAAAADM/ZBHVIJe3_QU/s1600/800px-Dewaruci.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQyPD8fW6PI/AAAAAAAAADM/ZBHVIJe3_QU/s320/800px-Dewaruci.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><b>KRI Dewaruci</b> adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kapal">kapal</a> latih bagi taruna/kadet <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akademi_Angkatan_Laut" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Akademi Angkatan Laut">Akademi Angkatan Laut</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNI_Angkatan_Laut" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="TNI Angkatan Laut">TNI Angkatan Laut</a>. Kapal ini berbasis di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surabaya" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a> dan merupakan kapal layar terbesar yang dimiliki TNI Angkatan Laut. Nama kapal ini diambil dari nama dewa dalam kisah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wayang">pewayangan Jawa</a>, yaitu <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dewa_Ruci&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Dewa Ruci (halaman belum tersedia)">Dewa Ruci</a>.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<table border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; color: black; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; width: 300px;"><tbody>
<tr><th align="center" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: navy; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: white; height: 30px;">Karier (ID)</th><th align="center" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: navy; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: white; height: 30px;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bendera Indonesia"><img alt="Bendera Indonesia" class="thumbborder" height="32" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Naval_Jack_of_Indonesia.svg/48px-Naval_Jack_of_Indonesia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="48" /></a></span></th></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Pembuat:</td><td>H.C. Stulchen & Sohn Hamburg,<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jerman">Jerman</a></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Mulai dibuat:</td><td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1952">1952</a></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Diluncurkan:</td><td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_Januari" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="24 Januari">24 Januari</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1953">1953</a></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Ditugaskan:</td><td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1953">1953</a></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Status:</td><td>Masih bertugas</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Pelabuhan daftar:</td><td><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komando_Armada_RI_Kawasan_Timur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Komando Armada RI Kawasan Timur">Armada Timur TNI-AL</a></td></tr>
<tr><th align="center" colspan="2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: navy; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: white; height: 30px;">Karakteristik umum</th></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berat_benanam" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Berat benanam">Berat benanam</a>:</td><td>847 ton</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Panjang:</td><td>58.5 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Meter">m</a> (191,93 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaki_(satuan_panjang)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kaki (satuan panjang)">kaki</a>)</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Lebar:</td><td>9.50 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Meter">m</a> (31,17 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaki_(satuan_panjang)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kaki (satuan panjang)">kaki</a>)</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><i>Draft</i>:</td><td>4.05 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Meter">m</a> (13,29 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaki_(satuan_panjang)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kaki (satuan panjang)">kaki</a>)</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Tenaga penggerak:</td><td>1 unit Diesel 986 HP, dengan satu<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propeler" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Propeler">propeler</a> berdaun 4</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Kecepatan:</td><td>10,5 knot dengan mesin<br />
9 knot dengan layar</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Awak kapal:</td><td>75 orang</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Sejarah">Sejarah</span></h2><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Kapal berukuran 58,5 meter dan lebar 9,5 meter dari kelas <i>Barquentine</i> ini dibangun di <i>H.C. Stulchen & Sohn Hamburg</i>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> dan merupakan satu-satunya kapal layar tiang tinggi produk galangan kapal itu pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1952">1952</a> yang masih laik layar dari tiga yang pernah diproduksi. Pembuatan kapal ini dimulai pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1932">1932</a>, namun terhenti karena saat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: underline;" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a> galangan kapal pembuatnya rusak parah. Kapal tersebut akhirnya selesai dibuat pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1952">1952</a> dan diresmikan pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1953">1953</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Dewaruci dibuat pada tahun 1952 oleh H.C. Stulchen & Sohn Hamburg, Jerman Barat, pertama diluncurkan pada tanggal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_Januari" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="24 Januari">24 Januari</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1953">1953</a>, dan pada bulan Juli nya dilayarkan ke Indonesia oleh taruna AL dan kadet ALRI. Setelah itu KRI Dewaruci yang berpangkalan di Surabaya, ditugaskan sebagai kapal latih yang melayari kepulauan Indonesia dan juga ke luar negeri.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Kapal">Kapal</span></h2><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=KRI_Dewaruci&action=edit&section=3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Dimensi">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Dimensi">Dimensi</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Panjang total 58,30m, Lebar lambung 9,50m , Draft 4,50m . Bobot mati 847 ton.</div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=KRI_Dewaruci&action=edit&section=4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Tiang layar">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Tiang_layar">Tiang layar</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Kapal ini memiliki 3 tiang utama yaitu tiang <i>Bima</i>, <i>Yudhistira</i> dan <i>Arjuna</i> serta memiliki 16 layar.</div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=KRI_Dewaruci&action=edit&section=5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Layar">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Layar">Layar</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Type: Barquentin, 16 layar dengan luas total 1091 m<sup>2</sup>,</div><table class="" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-size: 13px; width: 1157px;"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="25%"><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Tiang depan (35,25 m)</div><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Flying Jib,</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Outer Jib,</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Middle Jib,</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Inner Jib,</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Royal Sail,</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Top Gallant sail,</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Upper top sail,</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Lower top sail,</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Fore sail,</li>
</ol></td><td align="left" valign="top" width="25%"><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Tiang Utama (35,87 m)</div><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Main top gallant sail,</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Main top mast stay sail,</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Main stay sail,</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">main top sail,</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Main sail,</li>
</ol></td><td align="left" valign="top" width="25%"><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Tiang akhir (32,50 m)</div><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Mizzen top sail,</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Mizzen sail.</li>
</ol></td><td align="left" valign="top" width="25%"></td></tr>
</tbody></table><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=KRI_Dewaruci&action=edit&section=6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Mesin">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Mesin">Mesin</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Selain menggunakan layar, KRI Dewaruci juga menggunakan mesin 986 PK Diesel sebagai alat gerak dengan satu <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propeler" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Propeler">propeler</a> berdaun 4. Kecepatan penuh 10,5 knot dengan mesin, 9 knot dengan layar.</div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=KRI_Dewaruci&action=edit&section=7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Penugasan">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Penugasan">Penugasan</span></h2><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Dewaruci.JPG" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Dewaruci.JPG/220px-Dewaruci.JPG" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Dewaruci.JPG" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>KRI Dewaruci</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Setiap tahunnya, kadet <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAL" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="AAL">AAL</a> berlayar dengan Dewaruci ke berbagai belahan dunia dengan tujuan utama adalah latihan pelayaran bintang atau disebut <i><b>Kartika Jala Krida</b></i>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">KRI <i>Dewaruci</i> juga sering mengikuti lomba <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapal_layar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kapal layar">kapal layar</a> di berbagai tempat di dunia. Kapal ini juga memiliki <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marching_band" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Marching band">marching band</a></i> sendiri, yaitu <i>marching band</i> taruna Akademi Angkatan Laut yang biasa dikenal dengan nama <i>Gita Jala Taruna</i>.</div>ALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2444015428987296349.post-54331351335120796392010-12-18T01:09:00.000-08:002010-12-18T01:09:41.877-08:00F-5<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQx33vMQ7BI/AAAAAAAAADI/39ZRpmacei8/s1600/800px-Formation_of_three_aggressor_F-5E_aircraft_061006-F-1234S-072.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="207" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQx33vMQ7BI/AAAAAAAAADI/39ZRpmacei8/s320/800px-Formation_of_three_aggressor_F-5E_aircraft_061006-F-1234S-072.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><b>F-5A/B Freedom Fighter</b> dan <b>F-5E/F Tiger II</b> adalah bagian dari keluarga <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_tempur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat tempur">pesawat tempur</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersonik" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Supersonik">supersonik</a> ringan yang dirancang dan diproduksi oleh<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northrop&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Northrop (halaman belum tersedia)">Northrop</a>, di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>, sejak tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960-an" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1960-an">1960-an</a>. Ratusan pesawat ini masih dipakai oleh berbagai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_udara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Angkatan udara">angkatan udara</a> di dunia sampai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-21" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Abad ke-21">abad ke-21</a>, dan pesawat ini juga menjadi dasar untuk pengembangan beberapa pesawat lainnnya. Produksi pesawat F-5A dan F-5E berakhir pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1972">1972</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1987">1987</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pengembangan pesawat ini berawal sebagai pesawat tempur ringan Northtrop yang dibiayai oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swasta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Swasta">swasta</a>, pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950-an" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1950-an">1950-an</a>. Generasi pertama F-5 Freedom mulai dipakai pada tahun 1960-an. Sampai 1972, lebih dari 800 pesawat diproduksi untuk negara sekutu Amerika Serikat pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dingin" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Perang Dingin">Perang Dingin</a>, sementara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Udara_Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat">Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat</a> membeli sekitar 1100 pesawat.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Generasi kedua, keluarga F-5E Tiger II, juga banyak digunakan oleh negara sekutu Amerika Serikat, dan di Amerika Serikat sendiri dipakai sebagai pesawat latih tempur. Jumlah Tiger II yang diproduksi sampai tahun 1987 mencapai 1400 buah. Pesawat F-5 yang masih dipakai sampai tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990-an" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1990-an">1990-an</a>dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000-an" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2000-an">2000-an</a> telah melalui banyak <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Modifikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Modifikasi (halaman belum tersedia)">modifikasi</a> pembaruan.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Perancangan_dan_pengembangan">Perancangan dan pengembangan</span></h2><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 272px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Formation_of_three_aggressor_F-5E_aircraft_061006-F-1234S-072.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="175" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Formation_of_three_aggressor_F-5E_aircraft_061006-F-1234S-072.jpg/270px-Formation_of_three_aggressor_F-5E_aircraft_061006-F-1234S-072.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="270" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Formation_of_three_aggressor_F-5E_aircraft_061006-F-1234S-072.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Pesawat F-5 yang digunakan oleh Amerika Serikat sebagai pesawat musuh dalam latihan.</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 272px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Norwegian_F5.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="132" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Norwegian_F5.jpg/270px-Norwegian_F5.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="270" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Norwegian_F5.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Pesawat F-5 Norwegia.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pesawat ini awalnya dirancang oleh Northrop, dengan nama N-156, sebagai pesawat tempur ringan, harga rendah, dan dengan perawatan mudah. Pesawat ini dirancang untuk menggunakan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesin" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mesin">mesin</a> modifikasi dari <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Electric_J85&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="General Electric J85 (halaman belum tersedia)">General Electric J85</a>, yang awalnya dibuat untuk digunakan pada pesawat kecil<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_ADM-20_Quail&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="McDonnell ADM-20 Quail (halaman belum tersedia)">McDonnell ADM-20 Quail</a> yang dibawa sebagai <i>drone</i> oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_pengebom" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat pengebom">pesawat pengebom</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-52" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="B-52">B-52</a>. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Darat_Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat">Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat</a> tertarik untuk menggunakan pesawat ini sebagai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_serang_darat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat serang darat">pesawat serang darat</a>, namun penggunaan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_bersayap_tetap" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat bersayap tetap">pesawat bersayap tetap</a> merupakan tugas <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Udara_Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat">Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat</a>, dan Angkatan Udara AS tidak menyetujui pemakaian N-156.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Walaupun belum diterima di Angkatan Udara AS, F-5 ternyata sukses digunakan oleh para sekutu Amerika Serikat. Tetapi, F-5 tetap tidak digunakan oleh Amerika Serikat untuk pemakaian di garis depan. Angkatan Udara AS hanya mengadopsi <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T-38_Talon&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="T-38 Talon (halaman belum tersedia)">T-38 Talon</a>, versi <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pesawat_latih&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat latih (halaman belum tersedia)">pesawat latih</a> dari F-5, yang menjadi pesawat latih supersonik pertama. Selain itu, pesawat ini juga menjadi dasar untuk pengembangan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/YF-17" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="YF-17">YF-17</a>, yang kemudian berkembang menjadi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/F/A-18_Hornet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="F/A-18 Hornet">F/A-18 Hornet</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Kebudayaan_populer">Kebudayaan populer</span></h2><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apocalypse_Now&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Apocalypse Now (halaman belum tersedia)">Apocalypse Now</a></i> menampilkan 4 pesawat F-5 menjatuhkan bom <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Napalm&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Napalm (halaman belum tersedia)">napalm</a> di medan tempur, walaupun digambarkan sebagai pesawat Amerika Serikat, sebenarnya yang digunakan adalah pesawat Angkatan Udara Philipina.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_Gun_(film)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Top Gun (film)">Top Gun</a></i> menampilkan beberapa F-5Es dan F-5Fs sebagai pesawat khayalan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mikoyan_MiG-28_(fiksi)&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Mikoyan MiG-28 (fiksi) (halaman belum tersedia)">MiG-28</a> melawan US Navy <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-14_Tomcat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="F-14 Tomcat">F-14 Tomcat</a> Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat . Beberapa pesawat masih berwarna hitam yang biasanya berperan sebagai "Aggressor" di <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Navy_Fighter_Weapons_School&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="United States Navy Fighter Weapons School (halaman belum tersedia)">United States Navy Fighter Weapons School</a>.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Film <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thirteen_Days_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Thirteen Days (film) (halaman belum tersedia)">Thirteen Days</a></i> menampilkan pesawat F-5, kemungkinan menggunakan pesawat milik Philipina.</li>
</ul><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northrop_F-5&action=edit&section=3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Operators">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Operators">Operators</span></h2><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 302px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:F-5_freedom_fighter.PNG" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="132" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/F-5_freedom_fighter.PNG/300px-F-5_freedom_fighter.PNG" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="300" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:F-5_freedom_fighter.PNG" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Operator Northrop F-5 Tiger</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Mexican_Air_Force_Northrop_F-5_fighters.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="164" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mexican_Air_Force_Northrop_F-5_fighters.jpg/220px-Mexican_Air_Force_Northrop_F-5_fighters.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Mexican_Air_Force_Northrop_F-5_fighters.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>AU Meksiko</div></div></div><dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Austria.svg" class="thumbborder" height="17" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/25px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Austria">Austria</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Bahrain.svg" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/25px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Botswana.svg" class="thumbborder" height="17" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/25px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Brazil.svg" class="thumbborder" height="18" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/25px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasil" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Brasil">Brasil</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Chile.svg" class="thumbborder" height="17" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/25px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Chili">Chili</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Ethiopia.svg" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/25px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Honduras.svg" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/25px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honduras" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Indonesia.svg" class="thumbborder" height="17" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/25px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Iran.svg" class="thumbborder" height="14" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/25px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Iran">Iran</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Jordan.svg" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/25px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yordania" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Yordania">Yordania</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Kenya.svg" class="thumbborder" height="17" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/25px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Libya.svg" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/25px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Libya">Libya</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Mexico.svg" class="thumbborder" height="14" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/25px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meksiko" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Meksiko">Meksiko</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Morocco.svg" class="thumbborder" height="17" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/25px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maroko" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Maroko">Maroko</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Norway.svg" class="thumbborder" height="18" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/25px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Norwegia">Norwegia</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Pakistan.svg" class="thumbborder" height="17" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/25px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Paraguay.svg" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/25px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguay" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of the Philippines.svg" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipina" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Filipina">Filipina</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of the Republic of China.svg" class="thumbborder" height="17" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Cina" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Republik Cina">Republik Cina (Taiwan)</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg" class="thumbborder" height="17" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/25px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Saudi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a></dt>
</dl><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:RSAF_F-5_preparing_to_take_off.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="147" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/RSAF_F-5_preparing_to_take_off.jpg/220px-RSAF_F-5_preparing_to_take_off.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:RSAF_F-5_preparing_to_take_off.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=144_Squadron,_Republic_of_Singapore_Air_Force&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="144 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force (halaman belum tersedia)">144 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force</a> bersiap takeoff</div></div></div><dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Singapore.svg" class="thumbborder" height="17" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/25px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapura" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Singapura">Singapura</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of South Korea.svg" class="thumbborder" height="17" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/25px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Selatan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Spain.svg" class="thumbborder" height="17" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/25px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Spanyol">Spanyol</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Sudan.svg" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/25px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Switzerland.svg" class="thumbborder" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="20" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Swiss">Swiss</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Thailand.svg" class="thumbborder" height="17" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/25px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Tunisia.svg" class="thumbborder" height="17" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/25px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></dt>
</dl><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Patrouille_suisse_f-5_taxis_arp.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="137" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Patrouille_suisse_f-5_taxis_arp.jpg/220px-Patrouille_suisse_f-5_taxis_arp.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Patrouille_suisse_f-5_taxis_arp.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swiss_Air_Force&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Swiss Air Force (halaman belum tersedia)">Swiss Air Force</a> F-5E Tiger II di <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RIAT&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="RIAT (halaman belum tersedia)">RIAT</a>2008, England</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Northrop_f-5_of_the_turkish_stars_arp.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="143" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Northrop_f-5_of_the_turkish_stars_arp.jpg/220px-Northrop_f-5_of_the_turkish_stars_arp.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Northrop_f-5_of_the_turkish_stars_arp.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>NF-5B dari <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Stars&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Turkish Stars (halaman belum tersedia)">Turkish Stars</a> di <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RIAT&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="RIAT (halaman belum tersedia)">RIAT</a> 2008, England</div></div></div><dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Turkey.svg" class="thumbborder" height="17" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/25px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Turki">Turki</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of the United States.svg" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Venezuela.svg" class="thumbborder" height="17" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/25px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Vietnam.svg" class="thumbborder" height="17" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/25px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="Flag of Yemen.svg" class="thumbborder" height="17" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/25px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="25" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Yaman">Yaman</a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Spesifikasi_.28F-5E_Tiger_II.29">Spesifikasi (F-5E Tiger II)</span></h2><div class="floatright" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; position: relative;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:NORTHROP_F-5_FREEDOM_FIGHTER-TIGER_II.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gambar teknis F-5 Freedom Fighter."><img alt="Gambar teknis F-5 Freedom Fighter." height="201" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/NORTHROP_F-5_FREEDOM_FIGHTER-TIGER_II.png/300px-NORTHROP_F-5_FREEDOM_FIGHTER-TIGER_II.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="300" /></a></div><div class="floatright" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; position: relative;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:F-5_3-view.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gambar teknis F-5 Freedom Fighter."><img alt="Gambar teknis F-5 Freedom Fighter." height="230" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/F-5_3-view.jpg/300px-F-5_3-view.jpg" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="300" /></a></div><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><i>Data dari</i> Quest for Performance<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-5#cite_note-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[2]</a></sup></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.2em; width: auto;">Karakteristik umum</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Kru: 1</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Panjang: 47 ft 4¾ in (14,45 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Lebar sayap: 26 ft 8 in (8,13 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Tinggi: 13 ft 4½ in (4,08 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Area sayap: 186 ft² (17,28 m²)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Airfoil&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Airfoil (halaman belum tersedia)">Airfoil</a></i>: <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NACA_airfoil&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="NACA airfoil (halaman belum tersedia)">NACA 65A004.8</a> root, NACA 64A004.8 tip</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Berat kosong: 9.558 lb (4.349 kg)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Berat maksimum lepas landas: 24.664 lb (11.187 kg)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Mesin: 2× <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Electric_J85&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="General Electric J85 (halaman belum tersedia)">General Electric J85</a>-GE-21B <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbojet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Turbojet">turbojet</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Dorongan kering: 3.500 lbf (15,5 kN) masing-masing</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Dorongan dengan <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterburner" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Afterburner">afterburner</a></i>: 5.000 lbf (22,2 kN) masing-masing</li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zero-lift_drag_coefficient&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Zero-lift drag coefficient (halaman belum tersedia)">Zero-lift drag coefficient</a>:</b> 0,0200</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zero-lift_drag_coefficient&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Zero-lift drag coefficient (halaman belum tersedia)">Drag area</a>:</b> 3,4 ft² (0,32 m²)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aspect_ratio_(wing)&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Aspect ratio (wing) (halaman belum tersedia)">Aspect ratio</a>:</b> 3,86</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Bahan bakar internal:</b> 2.563 L</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Bahan bakar eksternal:</b> 1.040 L per tanki eksternal</li>
</ul><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">Performa</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vno&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Vno (halaman belum tersedia)">Kecepatan maksimum</a>: 917 knot (1.700 km/jam)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Radius tempur: 760 nm (1.405 km)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Jarak jangkau ferri: 2.010 nm (3.720 km)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batas_tertinggi_servis&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Batas tertinggi servis (halaman belum tersedia)">Batas tertinggi servis</a>: 51.800 ft (15.800 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laju_panjat&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Laju panjat (halaman belum tersedia)">Laju panjat</a>: 34.400 ft/min (175 m/s)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lift-to-drag_ratio&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Lift-to-drag ratio (halaman belum tersedia)">Lift-to-drag ratio</a>:</b> 10,0</li>
</ul><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">Persenjataan</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Senjata api: 2× meriam Pontiac <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M39_cannon&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="M39 cannon (halaman belum tersedia)">M39A2</a> 20 mm, 280 butir/meriam</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Rudal:</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Total sampai 3.200 kg munisi<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIM-7_Sparrow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="AIM-7 Sparrow">AIM-7 Sparrow</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIM-9_Sidewinder" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="AIM-9 Sidewinder">AIM-9 Sidewinder</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGM-65_Maverick" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="AGM-65 Maverick">AGM-65 Maverick</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AIM-120_AMRAAM&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="AIM-120 AMRAAM (halaman belum tersedia)">AIM-120 AMRAAM</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Bom:<br />
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">M129 Leaflet</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">500 lb (225 kg) Mk82</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2.000 lb (900 kg) Mk84</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">CBU-24/49/52/58 munisi kluster</li>
</ul></li>
</ul></span></dt>
</dl>ALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2444015428987296349.post-61866347154142361842010-12-18T00:48:00.000-08:002010-12-18T00:48:49.213-08:00T-90<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQx03K5jgFI/AAAAAAAAADE/uxCQWRQKZqY/s1600/800px-T-90_armyrecognition_russia_011.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQx03K5jgFI/AAAAAAAAADE/uxCQWRQKZqY/s320/800px-T-90_armyrecognition_russia_011.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">GPO <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uralvagonzavod&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Uralvagonzavod (halaman belum tersedia)">Uralvagonzavod</a> <b>T-90</b> adalah Tank tempur utama rancangan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Russia">Russia</a> yang dikempabangkan dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-72" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="T-72">T-72</a>, dan sampai saat ini menjadi tank paling modern di angkatan darat Rusia , saat ini tank ini juga dioperasikan beberapa negara lain. Sebagai penerus dari T-72BM, T-90 menggunakan senjata dan 1G46 gunner sight dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-80U" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="T-80U">T-80U</a>, sebuah mesin baru, dan pengindera panas . Peralatan pelindung termasuk ERA<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kontakt-5&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Kontakt-5 (halaman belum tersedia)">Kontakt-5</a> ERA, laser warning receiver, pembangkit gelombang elektromagnetik EMT-7 untuk menghancurkan ranjau elektromagnetik dan<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shtora&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Shtora (halaman belum tersedia)">Shtorasistem</a> pengacau rudal anti tank kendali infra merah infrared <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ATGM&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="ATGM (halaman belum tersedia)">ATGM</a> .</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<table class="infobox" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; color: black; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: left; width: 315px;"><tbody>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Tipe</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tank_tempur_utama&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Tank tempur utama (halaman belum tersedia)">Tank tempur utama</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Negara asal</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rusia">Rusia</a></td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color: lightsteelblue; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Sejarah pemakaian</th></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Digunakan oleh</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="India">India</a></td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color: lightsteelblue; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Sejarah produksi</th></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Perancang</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uralvagonzavod&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Uralvagonzavod (halaman belum tersedia)">Kartsev-Venediktov</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Tahun</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">1993</td></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Produsen</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uralvagonzavod&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Uralvagonzavod (halaman belum tersedia)">Uralvagonzavod</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Biaya produksi</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">35,226,000 RUB<br />
$1,371,000 USD</td></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Diproduksi</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">1995 - sekarang</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color: lightsteelblue; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Spesifikasi</th></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Berat</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">46.5 ton</td></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Panjang</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">9.53 m (31.27 ft)</td></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Lebar</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">3.78 m (9.12 ft)</td></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Tinggi</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">2.22 m (7.28 ft)</td></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Awak</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">3</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<h4 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Varian">Varian</span></h4><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>BREM-72</b> - Kendaraan perawatan</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>MTU-90</b> - Tankk Jembatan.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>IMR-3</b> - Kendaraan perawatan.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>BMR-3</b> - Pembersih ranjau.</li>
</ul><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T-90&action=edit&section=2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Operator">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Operator">Operator</span></h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Russia</b> – sekitar 480 unit. 1,100 total including 300 T-72s modernized to T-90 standards.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>India</b> – 310 T-90S "Bhishma" 1,000+ T-90S "Bhishma" to be manufactured in India.</li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Arab Saudi juga dilaporkan sedang dalam negosiasi untuk membeli 150 unit T-90. As of 15 October 2008, UPI published an article by analyst Jack Sweeney, reporting that Venuzualan president Hugo Chavez “wants to replace his army's obsolescent AMX-30 main battle tanks with between 50 and 100 Russian-built T-90 main battle tanks.”</div>ALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2444015428987296349.post-10202098666563648162010-12-18T00:40:00.000-08:002010-12-18T00:40:55.045-08:00Boeing 737<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQxxiXqHYyI/AAAAAAAAADA/fdmUM55RxGg/s1600/800px-Air_Berlin_B737-700_Dreamliner_D-ABBN.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQxxiXqHYyI/AAAAAAAAADA/fdmUM55RxGg/s320/800px-Air_Berlin_B737-700_Dreamliner_D-ABBN.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><b>Boeing 737</b> adalah <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat">pesawat</a> komersial untuk penerbangan jarak dekat dan sederhana. Pertama kali dibuat pada tahun 1967, <b>Boeng 737</b> adalah produk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> yang paling laku dengan penjualan sebanyak 6000 buah.Boeing juga meraup banyak rejeki dari pesawat ini karena ini pesawat paling terlaris di dunia.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<table class="infobox" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; color: black; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: left; width: 23em;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 10em;"><b> Tipe</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Airliner&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Airliner (halaman belum tersedia)">Airliner</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Produsen</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boeing_Commercial_Airplanes&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing Commercial Airplanes (halaman belum tersedia)">Boeing Commercial Airplanes</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Terbang perdana</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">9 April 1967</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Status</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Active</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Pengguna</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwest_Airlines" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Southwest Airlines">Southwest Airlines</a><br />
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryanair" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ryanair">Ryanair</a><br />
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Airlines" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Continental Airlines">Continental Airlines</a><br />
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska_Airlines" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Alaska Airlines">Alaska Airlines</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Tahun produksi</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">1968 – sekarang</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Jumlah produksi</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">6,199 pada 31 October 2009<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-fg6000_0-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_737#cite_note-fg6000-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Harga satuan</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">737-100: US$32 million<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_737#cite_note-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[2]</a></sup><br />
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">737 NG: US$51.5-87 million (2008)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-prices_2-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_737#cite_note-prices-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cost_3-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_737#cite_note-cost-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[4]</a></sup></div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Varian</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boeing_T-43&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing T-43 (halaman belum tersedia)">Boeing T-43</a><br />
<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boeing_737_Classic&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing 737 Classic (halaman belum tersedia)">Boeing 737 Classic</a><br />
<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boeing_737_Next_Generation&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing 737 Next Generation (halaman belum tersedia)">Boeing 737 Next Generation</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Sejarah">Sejarah</span></h2><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pada era 60-an, pesawat penumpang berkapasitas rendah dan jarak dekat didominasi oleh <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BAC_1-11&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="BAC 1-11 (halaman belum tersedia)">BAC 1-11</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Douglas DC-9">Douglas DC-9</a>. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> ketika itu dapat dikatakan tertinggal dibanding dengan pesaing-pesaingnya dalam pembuatan pesawat berjarak dekat. Pada 1964, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> memulai program pembuatan 737 tetapi, untuk menghemat waktu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> menggunakan rancangan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_707" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing 707">Boeing 707</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_727" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing 727">Boeing 727</a> dalam pembangunan 737. Hal ini adalah satu kelebihan bagi 737 karena lebar fuselage 737 yang didesain ini mampu memuat enam tempat duduk, lebih satu dari<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BAC_1-11&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="BAC 1-11 (halaman belum tersedia)">BAC 1-11</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Douglas DC-9">Douglas DC-9</a>.</div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 252px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Astraeus.commons.b737-300.g-stra.arp.2.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="179" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Astraeus.commons.b737-300.g-stra.arp.2.jpg/250px-Astraeus.commons.b737-300.g-stra.arp.2.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="250" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Astraeus.commons.b737-300.g-stra.arp.2.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Boeing 737 maskapai <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astraeus" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Astraeus">Astraeus</a>.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">737-100 adalah desain pertama <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> dan karena bentuknya yang pendek dan gemuk, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> menggelarkannya "FLUF" untuk 'Fat Little Ugly Fella' di mana pada masa yang sama, industri penerbangan memanggilnya 'Baby Boeing'. Seri -100 dan -200 dapat dibedakan dengan seri-seri yang lain dengan melihat kedudukan mesinnya yang bercantum dengan sayap pesawat. Manakala <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pratt_and_Whitney&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Pratt and Whitney (halaman belum tersedia)">Pratt and Whitney</a> JT8D adalah mesin asal untuk model ini</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Penerbangan perdana 737 (sebuah pesawat seri 100) dilaksanakan pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/9_April" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="9 April">9 April</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1967">1967</a> dan penerbangan komersial pada Februari 1968 oleh<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lufthansa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lufthansa">Lufthansa</a>. Bagi 737-200, penerbangan perdananya ialah pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/8_Agustus" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="8 Agustus">8 Agustus</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1967">1967</a>. Akan tetapi, hanya 30 pesawat 737-100 saja yang digunakan.</div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 252px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Boeing_737_cockpit.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="187" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Boeing_737_cockpit.jpg/250px-Boeing_737_cockpit.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="250" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Boeing_737_cockpit.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Kokpit 737 awal ditampilkan di <i>Museum of Flight</i>di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle,_Washington" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Seattle, Washington">Seattle, Washington</a></div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pada awal 1980, 737 mengalami perubahan yang besar, yaitu penggantian mesin 737 dari JT8D ke<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CFM_International_CFM56&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="CFM International CFM56 (halaman belum tersedia)">CFM56</a>. Namun, mesin ini terlalu besar dibandingkan dengan JT8D, sehingga harus dipasang dibawah sayap. Bagian bawah mesin ini terpaksa diratakan untuk tujuan kelegaan tempat. 737-300 mulai beroperasi pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1984">1984</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1990">1990</a> pula, kemunculan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_A320" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Airbus A320">Airbus A320</a> yang dilengkapi dengan teknologi tinggi merupakan satu saingan baru bagi 737. Dan pada tahun<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1993">1993</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> memulai pembangunan '737 - X Next Generation (NG)'. Program ini adalah untuk pembinaan seri -600, -700, -800 dan -900.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Dalam pembuatan NG ini, perubahan dilakukan dengan merancang sayap baru, peralatan elektronik yang baru dan rancangan ulang mesin pesawat. 737 NG dilengkapi dengan teknologi-teknologi dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_777" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing 777">Boeing 777</a>, tingkap <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokpit" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kokpit">kokpit</a> berteknologi tinggi, sistem dalaman pesawat yang baru (diambil dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_777" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing 777">777</a>), dengan penambahan berupa 'wingtip' sehingga menjadi <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sayap_lawi&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Sayap lawi (halaman belum tersedia)">sayap lawi</a> yang mengurangi biaya bahan bakar dan memperbaiki proses 'take-off' pesawat. Pesawat 737 NG boleh dikatakan sebagai sebuah model baru kerana ciri-cirinya yang banyak berbeda dengan seri-seri yang lama.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2001">2001</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> membuat 737-900 yang mampu terbang lebih jauh dam menampung penumpang lebih banyak dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_707" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing 707">707</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pada varian terbaru, yaitu Boeing 737-900 ER (Extended Range), cockpitnya telah dilengkapi dengan HUD (Head Up Display). Peralatan ini biasanya dipakai pada pesawat militer / pesawat tempur. Fungsinya adalah untuk mempermudah pilot dalam menentukan kemiringan pesawat baik secara vertikal maupun horizontal. Pesawat ini menggunakan layar LCD yang terpadu dalam bentuk glass cockpit. Pesawat ini menggunakan Glass Cockpit secara menyeluruh. Sistem Glass cockpit ini dipercaya akan menjadi trend bagi pesawat-pesawat baru. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion_Air" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lion Air">Lion Air</a> merupakan <i>launch customer</i> pesawat ini.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Variasi">Variasi</span></h2><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Seri-seri 737 dibagi menjadi tiga kategori, yaitu:</div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Original: the 737-100 dan -200 (Dibangun dalam 1967 - 1988)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Klasik: the 737-300, -400, dan -500 (Dibangun dalam 1983 - 2000)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">'Next-Generation' (atau 737 NG): 737-600, -700, -800, dan -900 (Dibangun dari 1997 - )</li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Variasi juga terdapat dalam separuh pesawat dalam generasi yang sama:</div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">737-100 — terkecil, model pertama</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">737-200 — seri -100 yang dipanjangkan untuk memenuhi pasaran <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">variasi-variasi lain:</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">737-221 (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_American_World_Airways" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pan American World Airways">Pan American World Airways</a>)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">737-222 (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Airlines" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a>)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">737-233 (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Canada" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Air Canada">Air Canada</a>)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">737-2B7 (<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAir" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="USAir">USAir</a>)</li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">737-500, 737-600 — seri pendek untuk -300 dan -700</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">737-300, 737-700 — model baru, seperti 737-200 yang dipanjangkan</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">737-400, 737-800 — seri yang dipanjangkan untuk digunakan untuk penerbangan ulang alik dan kegunaan korporat</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">737-900 dan 900X — versi terbaru yang dipanjangkan</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">737-700IGW, 737-800ERX — variasi untuk kegunaan militer(lihat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_737#Variasi_Militer" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">#Variasi Militer</a>).</li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Terdapat juga variasi 737 yang lain yaitu <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boeing_Business_Jet&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing Business Jet (halaman belum tersedia)">Boeing Business Jet</a> (BBJ dan BBJ2). Desain ini berdasarkan seri -700 tetapi sayapnya disesuaikan dengan sayap seri -800, sedangkan BBJ2 adalah berdasarkan 737-800. BBJ berupaya untuk terbang lebih jauh dan kebanyakan pesawat ini digunakan untuk pesawat pribadi para eksekutif perusahaan besar dan pesawat pemerintahan di dunia.</div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boeing_737&action=edit&section=3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Variasi Militer">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Variasi_Militer">Variasi Militer</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">737 juga terdapat didalam beberapa variasi untuk kegunaan militer.</div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boeing_T-43&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing T-43 (halaman belum tersedia)">T-43</a>, a 737-200 - digunakan untuk latihan oleh <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United States Air Force">Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat(US Air Force)</a>.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C-40_Clipper&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="C-40 Clipper (halaman belum tersedia)">C-40 Clipper</a>, sebuah 737-700 - untuk kegunaan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United States Navy">U.S. Navy</a> menggantikan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C-9_Skytrain_II&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="C-9 Skytrain II (halaman belum tersedia)">C-9 Skytrain II</a>.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boeing_Wedgetail&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing Wedgetail (halaman belum tersedia)">Project Wedgetail</a>, sebuah 737-700IGW - Ini adalah versi <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Airborne_Early_Warning_and_Control&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Airborne Early Warning and Control (halaman belum tersedia)">AEW&C</a> berdasarkan 737 NG. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Australia</a> adalah pelanggan pertama diikuti dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Turki">Turki</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Selatan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Italia">Italia</a>.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multimission_Maritime_Aircraft&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Multimission Maritime Aircraft (halaman belum tersedia)">Multimission Maritime Aircraft</a> (MMA), sebuah 737-800ERX - Pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/14_Juni" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="14 Juni">14 Juni</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2004">2004</a>, Bahagian <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_Integrated_Defense_Systems" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing Integrated Defense Systems">Sistem Pertahanan Terpadu</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> berhasil mengalahkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a> di dalam saingan untuk menggantikan pesawat patrol maritim <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P-3_Orion&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="P-3 Orion (halaman belum tersedia)">P-3 Orion</a>. Pesanan pertama dari U.S. Navy adalah melebihi 100 diikuti dengan pesanan dari luar.</li>
</ul><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boeing_737&action=edit&section=4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Statistik">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Statistik">Statistik</span></h2><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Kecepatan Terbang: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mach">Mach</a> 0,74, 420 <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Knot_(nautika)&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Knot (nautika) (halaman belum tersedia)">knots</a> (780 km/h) (<i>Original</i> & Klasik)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Kecepatan Terbang: Mach 0,78, 440 kt (815 km/h) (NG)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Mesin: 2 mesin <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbofan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Turbofan">turbofan</a>, antara 64,4 kN sampai 117,3 kN per mesin<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pratt & Whitney">Pratt & Whitney</a> <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT8D&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Pratt & Whitney JT8D (halaman belum tersedia)">JT8D</a> (100, 200)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFM_International" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="CFM International">CFMI</a> <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CFM_International_CFM56&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="CFM International CFM56 (halaman belum tersedia)">CFM56-3</a> (300, 400, 500)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFM_International" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="CFM International">CFMI</a> <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CFM_International_CFM56&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="CFM International CFM56 (halaman belum tersedia)">CFM56-7</a> (600, 700, 800, 900, 900X)</li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Jangkauan jelajah maksimum:<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">3.050 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil_laut" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mil laut">mil laut</a> (5.650 km) (600)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">3.060 mil laut (5.670 km) (700, 800)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2.745 mil laut (5.080 km) (900)</li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Jarak dari ujung sayap kiri ke ujung sayap kanan: antara 28,3 m sampai 34,3 m (93,0 kaki - 112,6 kaki) (36 m untuk <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sayap_lawi&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Sayap lawi (halaman belum tersedia)">sayap lawi</a> bagi -700, -800, -900)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Panjang:<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">31,2 m (102,5 kaki) (600)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">39,5 m (129,5 kaki) (700, 800)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">42,1 m (138,2 kaki) (900)</li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Ketinggian ekor pesawat:<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">12,6 m (41,3 kaki) (600)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">12,5 m (41,2 kaki) (700, 800, 900)</li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Berat maksimum saat lepas landas(takeoff):<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">65.090 kg (143.500 lb) (600)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">79.010 kg (174.200 lb) (700, 800, 900)</li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Kapasitas: 85 hingga 189 penumpang</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Biaya: <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/USD" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="USD">USD</a> $44 juta hingga $74 juta menurut daftar harga 2004 <a class="external autonumber" href="http://www.boeing.com/commercial/prices/" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/external-link-ltr-icon.png?2); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autopilot" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Autopilot">Autopilot</a>, display, navigasi and sensor oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeywell" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fuselage_Boeing_Seksi_41&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Fuselage Boeing Seksi 41 (halaman belum tersedia)">Seksi 41</a>, fuselage, dan sebagian besar bagian dibuat di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita</a>, Kansas. Perakitan terakhir di <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renton,_Washington&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Renton, Washington (halaman belum tersedia)">Seattle-Renton</a>, Washington.</li>
</ul><div><br />
</div>ALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2444015428987296349.post-39407345024748362522010-12-17T23:25:00.000-08:002010-12-17T23:25:00.646-08:00Tupolev Tu-16 Badger<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQxgYHOrlgI/AAAAAAAAAC8/LRJnrstdqSI/s1600/800px-Tu-16_Badger_E.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="226" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQxgYHOrlgI/AAAAAAAAAC8/LRJnrstdqSI/s320/800px-Tu-16_Badger_E.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tupolev</span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Tu-16 (dijuluki <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="NATO">NATO</a> dengan nama Badger) adalah sebuah pesawat jet bomber bermesin ganda yang dikembangkan dan digunakan oleh angkatan udara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Soviet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a>. Pesawat ini telah beroperasi selama lebih dari 50 tahun, dan masih beroperasi di angkatan udara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a> dengan varian Xian H-6.</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dirancang untuk menjadi serba bisa, Tu-16 diprodukasi dalam berbagai varian untuk mata-mata, patroli maritim, pengumpul data elektronik intelijen, dan perang elektronik. Sebanyak 1507 pesawat dibangun di tiga pabrik pesawat di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Soviet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a> antara tahun 1954 hingga tahun 1962. Varian untuk sipil, Tu-104 Camel, menjadi pesawat penumpang untuk maskapai penerbangan Uni Soviet, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroflot" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Aeroflot">Aeroflot</a>.</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tu-16 sempat diekspor ke <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesir" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mesir">Mesir</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. Pesawat pembom strategis ini terus digunakan oleh angkatan udara dan angkatan laut <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Soviet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a> (kemudian <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>) hingga tahun 1993.</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><table class="infobox" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; color: black; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: left; width: 23em;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 10em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipe</span></b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strategic_bomber&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Strategic bomber (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Strategic bomber</span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Produsen</span></b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tupolev</span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Terbang perdana</span></b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">27 April 1952</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Diperkenalkan</span></b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1954_in_aviation&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="1954 in aviation (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1954</span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Dipensiunkan</span></b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1993 (in Soviet Union and Russia)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Status</span></b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Xian H-6 in service</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Pengguna</span></b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soviet_Air_Force&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Soviet Air Force (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Soviet Air Force</span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Egyptian_Air_Force&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Egyptian Air Force (halaman belum tersedia)">Egyptian Air Force</a><br />
<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesian_Air_Force&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Indonesian Air Force (halaman belum tersedia)">Indonesian Air Force</a><br />
<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_Air_Force&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Iraqi Air Force (halaman belum tersedia)">Iraqi Air Force</a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Jumlah produksi</span></b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1,509<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Goebel_0-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-16_Badger#cite_note-Goebel-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Varian</span></b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-104&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-104 (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tupolev Tu-104</span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-124&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-124 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tupolev Tu-124</a><br />
<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xian_H-6&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Xian H-6 (halaman belum tersedia)">Xian H-6</a></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Tu-16_dan_TNI-AU"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tu-16 dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNI-AU" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="TNI-AU">TNI-AU</a></span></span></h2><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">25 unit pesawat bomber ini varian Tu-16KS-1 dimiliki oleh AURI (nama <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNI-AU" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="TNI-AU">TNI-AU</a> waktu itu) di tahun 1961. Pesawat-pesawat ini digunakan untuk mempersiapkan diri salam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operasi_Trikora" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Operasi Trikora">Operasi Trikora</a> tahun 1962 untuk merebut kembali <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irian_Barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Irian Barat">Irian Barat</a> dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belanda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Belanda">Belanda</a>. Semua pesawat ini direncanakan untuk menyerang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel_Doorman" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Karel Doorman">Karel Doorman</a>, kapal induk angkatan laut Belanda yang tengah berlayar dekat <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irian_Barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Irian Barat">Irian Barat</a> saat itu menggunakan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rudal">rudal</a> anti kapal<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AS-1_Kennel" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="AS-1 Kennel">AS-1 Kennel</a>,</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">14 unit Tu-16 tergabung dalam Skadron 41 dan sisanya di Skadron 42. Kedua skadron ini bermarkas di Pangkalan Udara AURI <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iswahyudi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Iswahyudi">Iswahyudi</a>, di<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madiun" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Madiun">Madiun</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Timur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawa Timur">Jawa Timur</a>. Semua unit Tu-16 tidak diterbangkan lagi di tahun 1969 dan keluar dari armada AURI di tahun 1970.</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Varian"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Varian</span></span></h2><div class="dablink noprint" style="font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lihat pula: <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xian_H-6&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Xian H-6 (halaman belum tersedia)">Xian H-6</a></span></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Badger A (Tu-16)</span></b><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tu-16A</span></b></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tu-16Z</span></b></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tu-16G (Tu-104G)</span></b></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tu-16N</span></b></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tu-16T</span></b></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tu-16S</span></b></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tu-16Ye</span></b></li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Badger B (Tu-16KS)</span></b></li>
</ul><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Tu-16badger_2.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="108" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Tu-16badger_2.jpg/220px-Tu-16badger_2.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></span></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Tu-16badger_2.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tu-16K-10-26 Badger C</span></div></div></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Badger C (Tu-16K-10)</span></b></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Badger D (Tu-16RM-1)</span></b></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Badger E (Tu-16R)</span></b><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tu-16RM-2</span></b></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tu-16KRM</span></b></li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Badger F (Tu-16RM-2)</span></b></li>
</ul><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Tu-16_Badger_G.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="176" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Tu-16_Badger_G.jpg/220px-Tu-16_Badger_G.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></span></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Tu-16_Badger_G.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tu-16 Badger G dan misil KSR-5</span></div></div></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Badger G (Tu-16K/Tu-16KSR)</span></b><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tu-16KSR-2</span></b></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tu-16K-11-16</span></b></li>
</ul></li>
</ul><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Tu-16K.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="141" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Tu-16K.jpg/220px-Tu-16K.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></span></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Tu-16K.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tu-16K-26 atau Tu-16KSR-2-11-16, dengan misil KSR-5 dibawah sayapnya.</span></div></div></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tu-16K-26</span></b></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tu-16K-26P</span></b></li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Badger H (Tu-16 Elka)</span></b></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Badger J (Tu-16P Buket)</span></b></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Badger K (Tu-16Ye</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Badger L (Tu-16P)</span></b></li>
</ul><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tu-16_Badger&action=edit&section=3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Operator">sunting</a>]</span></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Operator"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Operator</span></span></h2><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 402px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Badger_operators.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="175" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Badger_operators.png/400px-Badger_operators.png" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="400" /></span></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Badger_operators.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Operator Tu-16/<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xian_H-6&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Xian H-6 (halaman belum tersedia)">H-6</a> merah terang, mantan operator merah gelap</span></div></div></div><dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Armenia"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Armenia</span></a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Azerbaijan"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Azerbaijan</span></a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Belarus"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Belarus</span></a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Cina" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Republik Rakyat Cina"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Republik Rakyat Cina</span></a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/22px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesir" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mesir"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mesir</span></a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Georgia"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Georgia</span></a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Indonesia"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Indonesia</span></a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irak" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Irak"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Irak</span></a></dt>
</dl><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1.4em; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5em; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:McDonnell_F-4B_VF-114_intercepting_Tu-16_1963.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="147" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/McDonnell_F-4B_VF-114_intercepting_Tu-16_1963.jpg/220px-McDonnell_F-4B_VF-114_intercepting_Tu-16_1963.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></span></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:McDonnell_F-4B_VF-114_intercepting_Tu-16_1963.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-4_Phantom_II" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="F-4 Phantom II"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">F-4B Phantom II</span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> U.S. Navy skuadron <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VF-114&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="VF-114 (halaman belum tersedia)">VF-114</a> <i>Aardvarks</i> menyergap Tu-16 Soviet.</span></div></div></div><dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rusia"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Rusia</span></a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Soviet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Uni Soviet"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uni Soviet</span></a></dt>
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraina" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ukraina"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ukraina</span></a></dt>
</dl>ALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2444015428987296349.post-23516165930243170672010-12-16T01:06:00.000-08:002010-12-16T01:06:06.621-08:00Tupolev Tu-95 Bear<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQnVk6Q8_aI/AAAAAAAAAC4/9sGmxnHyAKU/s1600/Tupolev_Tu-95_in_flight.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQnVk6Q8_aI/AAAAAAAAAC4/9sGmxnHyAKU/s320/Tupolev_Tu-95_in_flight.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev">Tupolev</a> Tu-95</b> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru" xml:lang="ru">Туполев Ту–95</span>) (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_reporting_name" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="NATO reporting name">NATO reporting name</a>: <b>Bear</b>) is a large, four-engine <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turboprop" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Turboprop">turboprop</a> powered <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_bomber" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Strategic bomber">strategic bomber</a> and missile platform.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">First flown in 1952, the Tu-95 was put into service by the former <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in 1956 and is expected to serve the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Air_Force" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Russian Air Force">Russian Air Force</a> until at least 2040.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Commonly referred to even in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Russia">Russia</a><sup class="Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from October 2010">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup> by its <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="NATO">NATO</a> designation, "Bear",<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;" title="The material in the vicinity of this tag may rely on an unreliable source from November 2010">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources">unreliable source?</a></i>]</sup> the aircraft has four <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuznetsov_Design_Bureau" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kuznetsov Design Bureau">Kuznetsov</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuznetsov_NK-12" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kuznetsov NK-12">NK-12</a>engines, each driving <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contra-rotating_propellers" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Contra-rotating propellers">contra-rotating propellers</a>. It remains the fastest <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propeller" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Propeller">propeller</a>-driven aircraft in history (a bigger, heavier, passenger version <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-114" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tu-114">Tu-114</a> with de-rated engines, holds the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAI" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="FAI">FAI</a> certified world speed record at 541.23 mph average speed on a 1000 km closed circuit carrying a load equivalent to only 200 kg short of the weight of three <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Douglas DC-3">Douglas DC-3s</a>. Some experimental aircraft were designed for theoretically higher speeds, but none attained or registered them.) It also remains the only turboprop-powered strategic bomber in operational use. Its distinctively <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swept_wing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Swept wing">swept</a>-back wings are at 35 degrees, a very sharp angle by the standards of propeller-driven aircraft, and justified by its operating speeds and altitudes. Its blades, which rotate faster than the speed of sound, make it the noisiest military aircraft on earth.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">A naval development of the bomber is designated <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-142" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-142">Tu-142</a></b>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><table class="infobox" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; color: black; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: left; width: 315px;"><tbody>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Role</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_bomber" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Strategic bomber">Strategic bomber</a>, missile carrier, airborne surveillance</td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Manufacturer</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev">Tupolev</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">First flight</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">12 November 1952</td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Introduced</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">1956 (MS—1981)</td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Status</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">Active in service</td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Primary users</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Air_Forces" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soviet Air Forces">Soviet Air Forces</a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Navy" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soviet Navy">Soviet Navy</a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Air_Force" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Russian Air Force">Russian Air Force</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">Number built</span></th><td style="vertical-align: top;">500+</td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Variants</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-114" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-114">Tupolev Tu-114</a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-119" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-119">Tupolev Tu-119</a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-142" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-142">Tupolev Tu-142</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Design_and_development">Design and development</span></h2><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tupolev_Tu-95_in_flight.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="147" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Tupolev_Tu-95_in_flight.jpg/220px-Tupolev_Tu-95_in_flight.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tupolev_Tu-95_in_flight.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>A Tu-95MS in-flight over Russia in 2007.</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tu-95_wingspan.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="174" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Tu-95_wingspan.jpg/220px-Tu-95_wingspan.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tu-95_wingspan.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>View of a Tu-95 showing its swept-wing<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planform" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Planform">planform</a></div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The design bureau led by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Tupolev" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Andrei Tupolev">Andrei Tupolev</a> designed the Soviet Union's first intercontinental bomber, the 1949 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-85" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-85">Tu-85</a>, a scaled up version of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-4">Tu-4</a>, a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">Boeing B-29 Superfortress</a> copy. The Tu-4 was deemed to be inadequate against the new generation of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United States">American</a> all-weather interceptors.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">A new requirement was issued to both Tupolev and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myasishchev" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Myasishchev">Myasishchev</a> design bureaus in 1950: the proposed bomber had to have an un-refueled range of 8000 km (4,970 mi) — far enough to threaten key targets in the United States. Other goals included the ability to carry an 11,000 kg (12 ton) load over the target.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The big problem for Tupolev was the engine choice: the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-4">Tu-4</a> showed that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocating_engine" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Reciprocating engine">piston engines</a> were not powerful enough to fulfill that role, while the fuel-hungry AM-3 jet engines of the proposed T-4 intercontinental jet bomber did not provide adequate range.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> Turboprops offered more power than piston engines and better range than jets, with a top speed in between.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Tupolev's proposal was selected and Tu-95 development was officially approved by the government on 11 July 1951. It featured four Kuznetsov,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sobolev_4-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-Sobolev-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> coupled<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turboprop" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Turboprop">turboprops</a> fitted with eight-bladed contra-rotating propellers, producing a nominal 8,948 kW (12,000 eshp) power rating. Unlike the advanced engine design, the fuselage was conventional: a mid-wing cantilever monoplane with 35 degrees of sweep, an angle which ensured the main wing spar passed through the fuselage in front of the bomb bay. Retractable tricycle <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undercarriage" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Undercarriage">landing gear</a> was fitted, with all three gear strut units retracting rearwards, with the main gear units retracting rearwards into extensions of the inner engine nacelles. The Tu-95/I, with 2TV-2F engines, first flew November 11, 1952 with test-pilot <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexey_Perelet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Alexey Perelet">Alexey Perelet</a>at the controls, but suffered a propeller gearbox failure and crashed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> The second aircraft, Tu-95/II featured four of the 12,000 ehp Kuznetsov NK-12 turboprops which proved more reliable than the coupled 2TV-2F. After a successful flight testing phase, series production of the Tu-95 started in January 1956.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sobolev_4-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-Sobolev-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div class="thumb tleft" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tupolev_Tu-95_at_Victory_Day_Parade_2008.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="146" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Tupolev_Tu-95_at_Victory_Day_Parade_2008.jpg/220px-Tupolev_Tu-95_at_Victory_Day_Parade_2008.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tupolev_Tu-95_at_Victory_Day_Parade_2008.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>A Tu-95MS simulating <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_refueling" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Aerial refueling">aerial refueling</a>with an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-78" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ilyushin Il-78">Ilyushin Il-78</a> during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2008 Moscow Victory Day Parade">Victory Day Parade</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> on 9 May 2008.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">For a long time, the Tu-95 was known to U.S./NATO intelligence as the <b>Tu-20</b>. While this was the original Soviet Air Force designation for the aircraft, by the time it was being supplied to operational units it was already better known under the <b>Tu-95</b> designation used internally by Tupolev, and the Tu-20 designation quickly fell out of use in the USSR.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from August 2010">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup> Since the Tu-20 designation was used on many documents acquired by U.S. intelligence agents, the name continued to be used outside the Soviet Union.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Initially the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a> did not take the Tu-95 seriously, as estimates showed it had a maximum speed of 644 km/h (400 mph) with a range of 12,500 km (7,800 mi).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> These numbers had to be revised upward numerous times.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Like its American counterpart, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing B-52 Stratofortress">Boeing B-52 Stratofortress</a>, the Tu-95 has continued to operate in the Russian Air Force while several subsequent iterations of bomber design have come and gone. Part of the reason for this longevity was its suitability, like the B-52, for modification to different missions. Whereas the Tu-95 was originally intended to drop free-falling nuclear weapons, it was subsequently modified to perform a wide range of roles, such as the deployment of cruise missiles, maritime patrol (Tu-142), and even <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilian" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Civilian">civilian</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airliner" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Airliner">airliner</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-114" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-114">Tu-114</a>). An <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airborne_early_warning_and_control" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Airborne early warning and control">AWACS</a> platform (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-126" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-126">Tu-126</a>) was developed from the Tu-114. An icon of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, the Tu-95 has served not only as a weapons platform but as a symbol of Soviet and later Russian national prestige.</div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-95&action=edit&section=2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Tu-116">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Tu-116">Tu-116</span></h3><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tu-116_in_Ulyanovsk_Aircraft_Museum.JPG" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Tu-116_in_Ulyanovsk_Aircraft_Museum.JPG/220px-Tu-116_in_Ulyanovsk_Aircraft_Museum.JPG" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tu-116_in_Ulyanovsk_Aircraft_Museum.JPG" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>A Tu-116 preserved at Ulyanovsk Aircraft Museum</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Designed as a stopgap in case the Tu-114A was not finished on time, two Tu-95 bombers were fitted with passenger compartments. Both aircraft had the same layout: a 3-seat VIP section with office space, and the rest of the 70 m³ cabin configured as a normal airliner. Both planes were eventually used as crew ferries by the various Tu-95 squadrons. One of these machines is preserved at <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulyanovsk_Central_Airport" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ulyanovsk Central Airport">Ulyanovsk Central Airport</a>.</div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-95&action=edit&section=3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Operational history">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Operational_history">Operational history</span></h2><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-95&action=edit&section=4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Cold War icon">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Cold_War_icon">Cold War icon</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The Tu-95RT variant in particular was a veritable icon of the Cold War as it performed a vital maritime surveillance and targeting mission for other aircraft, surface ships and submarines. It was identifiable by a large bulge under the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuselage" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Fuselage">fuselage</a>, which housed a radar antenna that was used to search for and target surface ships. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United States Navy">US Navy</a> placed high priority in intercepting the Tu-95RT aircraft at least two hundred miles from aircraft carriers with its interceptors, which would then escort the Tu-95 away from NATO airspace.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">During interceptions, Tu-95 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tail_gunner" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tail gunner">tail gunners</a> typically kept their twin cannon pointed upwards so as not to antagonize the intercepting fighters. Similarly, NATO rules of engagement for interceptions restricted aircrews from locking onto the Tu-95 with fire control radar lest this be misinterpreted as a hostile act.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">During the height of the Cold War, the long range of the Tu-95 was demonstrated weekly as a pair of Tu-95s would fly from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kola_Peninsula" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kola Peninsula">Kola Peninsula</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> along the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast of the United States</a>, escorted continuously along the way.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from March 2009">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The Tu-95 carried and dropped the AN602 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar_Bomba" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tsar Bomba">Tsar Bomba</a>, the largest and most powerful nuclear weapon ever detonated (deliberately de-rated from 100 to 50 megatons), in 1961<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup>.</div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-95&action=edit&section=5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Present and future status">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Present_and_future_status">Present and future status</span></h3><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tupolev_Tu_95_USAF.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="116" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Tupolev_Tu_95_USAF.jpg/220px-Tupolev_Tu_95_USAF.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tupolev_Tu_95_USAF.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Tu-95MS escorted by a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Forces_Air_Command" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Canadian Forces Air Command">Canadian Air Force</a> CF-18.</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tu-95MS_and_F-15C.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="109" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Tu-95MS_and_F-15C.jpg/220px-Tu-95MS_and_F-15C.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tu-95MS_and_F-15C.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>An F-15C Eagle intercepting a Russian Tu-95MS off the west coast of Alaska on 28 September 2006.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">All Tu-95s now in Russian service are the Tu-95MS variant, built in the 1980s and 1990s. On August 18, 2007, then-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Russia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="President of Russia">President</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> announced that Tu-95 patrols would resume, 15 years after they had been terminated.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">NATO fighters were (and still are) often sent to intercept Tu-95s as they performed their missions along the periphery of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="NATO">NATO</a> airspace, often in very close formation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-10" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-11" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-12" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-theglobeandmail.com_13-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-theglobeandmail.com-13" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-14" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Russian Tu-95s reportedly took part in a naval exercise off the coasts of France and Spain in January 2008, alongside <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22M" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-22M">Tu-22M3 Backfire</a> strategic bombers and airborne early warning aircraft.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-15" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In October 2008, during a Russian military exercise code-named <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stability_2008" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Stability 2008">Stability 2008</a>, Tu-95MS aircraft fired live air launched <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_missile" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Cruise missile">cruise missiles</a> (ALCM) for the first time since 1984. The long range of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raduga_Kh-55" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Raduga Kh-55">Raduga Kh-55</a> ALCM means the Tu-95MS Bears have been transformed once again into a strategic weapons system.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-16" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-95&action=edit&section=6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Variants and Derivatives">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Variants_and_Derivatives">Variants and Derivatives</span></h2><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><div id="ogg_player_1" style="width: 220px;"><div><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tupolev_Tu-95.ogg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-95.ogg"><img alt="Tupolev Tu-95.ogg" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tupolev_Tu-95.ogg/mid-Tupolev_Tu-95.ogg.jpg" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a></div><div><button style="text-align: center; width: 220px;" title="Play video"><img alt="Play video" height="22" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/OggHandler/play.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /></button></div></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tupolev_Tu-95.ogg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>A Tu-95 performs a fly-over with an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-78" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ilyushin Il-78">Il-78</a>and two <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikoyan_MiG-29" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mikoyan MiG-29">MiG 29s</a> simulating aerial refueling at the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victory_Day_(May_9)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Victory Day (May 9)">Victory Day</a> Parade in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> on 9 May 2008.</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tu-95_Bear_D.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="147" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Tu-95_Bear_D.jpg/220px-Tu-95_Bear_D.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tu-95_Bear_D.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Tu-95RTs</div></div></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tu-95/1</b>: The first prototype powered by Kuznetsov 2TV-2F coupled turboprop engines, crashed on its first flight.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tu-95/2</b>: The second prototype powered by Kuznetsov NK-12 turboprops.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tu-95/Tu-95M</b>: Basic variant of the long-range strategic bomber and the only model of the aircraft never fitted with a nose refuelling probe. Known to NATO as the Bear-A.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tu-95K</b>: Experimental version for air-dropping a MiG-19 SM-20 jet aircraft.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tu-95K22</b>: Conversions of the older Bear bombers, reconfigured to carry the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raduga_Kh-22" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Raduga Kh-22">Raduga Kh-22</a> missile and incorporating modern avionics. Known to NATO as the Bear-G.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tu-95K/Tu-95KD</b>: Designed to carry the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raduga_Kh-20" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Raduga Kh-20">Raduga Kh-20</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air-to-surface_missile" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Air-to-surface missile">air-to-surface missile</a>. The Tu-95KD aircraft were the first to be outfitted with nose probes. Known to NATO as the Bear-B.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tu-95KM</b>:Modified and upgraded versions of the Tu-95K, most notable for their enhanced reconnaissance systems. These were in turn converted into the Bear G configuration. Known to NATO as the Bear-C.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tu-95M-55</b>: Missile carrier.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tu-95MR</b>: Bear A modified for photo-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconnaissance" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Reconnaissance">reconnaissance</a> and produced for Naval Aviation. Known to NATO as the Bear-E.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tu-95MS/Tu-95MS6/Tu-95MS16</b>:– Completely new cruise missile carrier platform based on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-142" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-142">Tu-142</a> airframe. This variant became the launch platform of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raduga_Kh-55" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Raduga Kh-55">Raduga Kh-55</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_missile" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Cruise missile">cruise missile</a>. Known to NATO as the Bear-H and was referred to by the U.S. military as a Tu-142 for some time in the 1980s before its true designation became known.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tu-95N</b>: Experimental version for air-dropping an RS ramjet powered aircraft.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tu-95RTs</b>: <i>Razvedchik Tseleukazatel</i>: Variant of the basic Bear A configuration, redesigned for maritime reconnaissance and targeting as well as<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signals_intelligence#ELINT" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Signals intelligence">electronic intelligence</a> for service in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Naval_Aviation" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soviet Naval Aviation">Soviet Naval Aviation</a>. Known to NATO as the Bear-D.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tu-95U</b> <i>Uchebnyy</i>: Trainer: Training variant, modified from surviving Bear A's but now all have been retired. Known to NATO as the Bear-T.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tu-96</b>: long-range intercontinental high-altitude strategic bomber prototype, a high-altitude version of the Tupolev Tu-95 aircraft with high-altitude augmented turboprop TV-16 engines and with a new,enlarged area wing. Plant tests of the aircraft were performed with non-high altitude TV-12 engines in 1955–1956.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-17" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-114" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-114">Tu-114</a></b>: Airliner derivative of Tu-95.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tu-116</b>: Tu-95 fitted with passenger cabins as a stop-gap while the Tu-114 was being developed. Only two converted.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Duffy_p131-2_18-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-Duffy_p131-2-18" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-119" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-119">Tu-95LaL (Tu-119)</a></b>: Experimental nuclear-powered aircraft project.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-126" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-126">Tu-126</a></b>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airborne_early_warning_and_control" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Airborne early warning and control">AEW&C</a> derivative of Tu-114, itself derived from the Tu-95.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-142" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-142">Tu-142</a></b>: Maritime reconnaissance/anti-submarine warfare derivative of Tu-95. Known to NATO as the Bear-F.</li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Several other modification of the basic Tu-95/Tu-142 airframe have existed, but these were largely unrecognized by Western intelligence or else never reached operational status within the Soviet military. One of these modified Bears, known as the Tu-95V, was used to drop the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar_Bomba" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tsar Bomba">Tsar Bomba</a>.</div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-95&action=edit&section=7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Operators">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Operators">Operators</span></h2><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lineup_of_Tu-95_at_Engels_Air_Base.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="146" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Lineup_of_Tu-95_at_Engels_Air_Base.jpg/220px-Lineup_of_Tu-95_at_Engels_Air_Base.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lineup_of_Tu-95_at_Engels_Air_Base.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>A lineup at sunset of Tu-95MS at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engels_Air_Force_Base" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Engels Air Force Base">Engels Air Force Base</a> in December 2005.</div></div></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-95&action=edit&section=8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Current">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Current">Current</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Russia">Russia</a></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Air_Force" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Russian Air Force">Russian Air Force</a></b>: 50 Tu-95MS strategic bombers.</li>
</ul><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-95&action=edit&section=9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Former">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Former">Former</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Air_Force" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ukrainian Air Force">Ukrainian Air Force</a>: Retired from military service. Operates two Tu-95s for testing.</li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Air_Forces" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soviet Air Forces">Soviet Air Forces</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Range_Aviation" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Long Range Aviation">Long Range Aviation</a>: Passed on to Russia and Ukraine.<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">The first Tu-95 division, 106th TBAD (Heavy Bomber Air Division), was formed in 1956. The division commander was twice-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_of_the_Soviet_Union" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hero of the Soviet Union">Hero of the Soviet Union</a> A.G. Molodchi.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-19" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> The 106th TBAD incorporated the 409th TBAP (Heavy Bomber Air Regiment) (commander — Colonel M.M. Charitonov) which was raised late in 1956 and the 1006th TBAP (commander — Colonel V.P. Pavlov) raised in 1956. The 106th TBAD's base was Uzin near <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kiev">Kiev</a>.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">The 1223rd TBAP in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semey" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Semey">Semipalatinsk</a>, under the command of Hero of the Soviet Union Colonel V.M. Bezbokov, was raised in 1957, within the 79th Air Division (commander — twice-Hero of the Soviet Union General Major M.P. Taran). The 1223rd's targets were the north of the US and Canada.</li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Naval_Aviation" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soviet Naval Aviation">Soviet Naval Aviation</a></li>
</ul><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-95&action=edit&section=10" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Specifications (Tu-95MS)">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Specifications_.28Tu-95MS.29">Specifications (Tu-95MS)</span></h2><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tu-95Diag.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="67" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Tu-95Diag.jpg/220px-Tu-95Diag.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tu-95Diag.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Right view of the Tupolev Tu-95</div></div></div><div class="floatright" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; position: relative;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tupolev_Tu-95_BEAR.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="Tupolev Tu-95 BEAR.png" height="201" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Tupolev_Tu-95_BEAR.png/300px-Tupolev_Tu-95_BEAR.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="300" /></a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><big><b>General characteristics</b></big></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Crew:</b> 6-7<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-20" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Length:</b> 46.2 m <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Grant_21-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-Grant-21" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> (151 ft 6 in <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Grant_21-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-Grant-21" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup>)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wingspan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wingspan">Wingspan</a>:</b> 50.10 m<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Grant_21-2" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-Grant-21" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> (164 ft 5 in<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Grant_21-3" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-Grant-21" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup>)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Height:</b> 12.12 m (39 ft 9 in)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Wing area:</b> 310 m² (3,330 ft²)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturer%27s_Weight_Empty" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Manufacturer's Weight Empty">Empty weight</a>:</b> 90,000 kg (198,000 lb)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Loaded weight:</b> 171,000 kg (376,200 lb)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_Takeoff_Weight" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Maximum Takeoff Weight">Max takeoff weight</a>:</b> 188,000 kg (414,500 lb)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Powerplant:</b> 4× <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuznetsov_Design_Bureau" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kuznetsov Design Bureau">Kuznetsov</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuznetsov_NK-12" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kuznetsov NK-12">NK-12M</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turboprop" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Turboprop">turboprops</a>, 11,000 kW (14,800 shp)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-95#cite_note-22" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> each</li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><big><b>Performance</b></big></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_speeds#Vno" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="V speeds">Maximum speed</a>:</b> 920 km/h (510 knots, 575 mph)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_(aircraft)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Range (aircraft)">Range</a>:</b> 15,000 km (8,100 nmi, 9,400 mi) unrefueled</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceiling_(aeronautics)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ceiling (aeronautics)">Service ceiling</a>:</b> 13,716 m (45,000 ft)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_climb" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rate of climb">Rate of climb</a>:</b> 10 m/s (2,000 ft/min)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_loading" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wing loading">Wing loading</a>:</b> 606 kg/m² (124 lb/ft²)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-to-weight_ratio" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Power-to-weight ratio">Power/mass</a>:</b> 235 W/kg (0.143 hp/lb)</li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><big><b>Armament</b></big></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Radar-controlled Guns:</b> 1 or 2 × 23 mm <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nudelman-Rikhter_NR-23" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nudelman-Rikhter NR-23">AM-23</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocannon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Autocannon">autocannon</a> in tail turret.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Missiles:</b> Up to 15,000 kg (33,000 lb), including the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raduga_Kh-20" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Raduga Kh-20">Raduga Kh-20</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raduga_Kh-22" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Raduga Kh-22">Kh-22</a>, <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kh-26&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Kh-26 (page does not exist)">Kh-26</a>, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raduga_Kh-55" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Raduga Kh-55">Kh-55</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air-to-surface_missile" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Air-to-surface missile">air-to-surface missiles</a>.</li>
</ul><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also"><br />
See also</span></h2><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Related"><br />
Related</span></h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-114" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-114">Tupolev Tu-114</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-116" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-116">Tupolev Tu-116</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-119" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-119">Tupolev Tu-119</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-126" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-126">Tupolev Tu-126</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-142" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-142">Tupolev Tu-142</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-160" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-160">Tupolev Tu-160</a></li>
</ul><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Similar_aircraft"><br />
Similar aircraft</span></h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing B-52 Stratofortress">Boeing B-52 Stratofortress</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myasishchev_M-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Myasishchev M-4">Myasishchev M-4</a> Molot</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xian_H-6K" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Xian H-6K">Xian H-6K</a></li>
</ul>ALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2444015428987296349.post-85175220669645087292010-12-15T06:35:00.000-08:002010-12-15T06:35:18.110-08:00Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQjQUqknruI/AAAAAAAAAC0/NfETu7CR3Sg/s1600/800px-F-117_Nighthawk_Front.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="199" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQjQUqknruI/AAAAAAAAAC0/NfETu7CR3Sg/s320/800px-F-117_Nighthawk_Front.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Corporation" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lockheed Corporation">Lockheed</a> F-117 Nighthawk</b> is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stealth_technology" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Stealth technology">stealth</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_attack_aircraft" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ground attack aircraft">ground attack aircraft</a> formerly operated by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a>. The F-117A's first flight was in 1981, and it achieved <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_operating_capability" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Initial operating capability">initial operating capability</a> status in October 1983.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Nat_Museum_factsht_0-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-Nat_Museum_factsht-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> The F-117A was "acknowledged" and revealed to the world in November 1988.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">A product of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skunk_Works" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Skunk Works">Skunk Works</a> and a development of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Have_Blue" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lockheed Have Blue">Have Blue</a> technology demonstrator, it became the first operational aircraft initially designed around stealth technology. The F-117A was widely publicized during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gulf War">Persian Gulf War</a> of 1991.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The Air Force retired the F-117 on 22 April 2008,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-LATRetire_1-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-LATRetire-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> primarily due to the fielding of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="F-22 Raptor">F-22 Raptor</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> and the impending fielding of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-35_Lightning_II" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="F-35 Lightning II">F-35 Lightning II</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><table class="infobox" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; color: black; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: left; width: 315px;"><tbody>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Role</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stealth_aircraft" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Stealth aircraft">Stealth</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_aircraft" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Attack aircraft">attack aircraft</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">National origin</span></th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Manufacturer</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Corporation" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lockheed Corporation">Lockheed Corporation</a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">First flight</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">18 June 1981</td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Introduced</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">15 October 1983</td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Retired</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">22 April 2008<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-LATRetire_1-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-LATRetire-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Primary user</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">Number built</span></th><td style="vertical-align: top;">64 (5 YF-117A, 59 F-117A)</td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">Unit cost</span></th><td style="vertical-align: top;">US$42.6 M (flyaway cost)<br />
US$111.2 M (total program)</td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">Developed from</span></th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Have_Blue" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lockheed Have Blue">Lockheed Have Blue</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Development">Development</span></h2><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In 1964, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Ya._Ufimtsev" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pyotr Ya. Ufimtsev">Pyotr Ya. Ufimtsev</a>, a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russians" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Russians">Russian</a> mathematician, published a seminal paper, "Method of Edge Waves in the Physical Theory of Diffraction", in the Journal of the Moscow Institute for Radio Engineering, in which he showed that the strength of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Radar">radar</a> return is related to the edge configuration of an object, not its size.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> Ufimtsev was extending theoretical work published by the German physicist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Arnold Sommerfeld">Arnold Sommerfeld</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Centennial_7-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-Centennial-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> Ufimtsev demonstrated that he could calculate the radar cross-section across a wing's surface and along its edge. The obvious conclusion was that even a large airplane could be made stealthy by exploiting this principle. However, the airplane's design would make it aerodynamically unstable, and the state of computer technology in the early 1960s could not provide the kinds of flight computers which allow aircraft such as the F-117, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-2_Spirit" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="B-2 Spirit">B-2 Spirit</a> to stay airborne. However, by the 1970s, when a Lockheed analyst reviewing foreign literature found Ufimtsev's paper, computers and software had advanced significantly, and the stage was set for the development of a stealthy airplane.</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Senior_Trend"><i>Senior Trend</i></span></h3><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:F-117_Grey_Dragon.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="143" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/F-117_Grey_Dragon.jpg/220px-F-117_Grey_Dragon.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:F-117_Grey_Dragon.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>F-117A painted in "Gray Dragon" experimental camouflage scheme.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The F-117 was born after combat experience in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> when increasingly sophisticated <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soviet">Soviet</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Surface-to-air missile">surface-to-air missiles</a> (SAMs) downed heavy bomber flights.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-11" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> It was a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_project" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Black project">black project</a>, an ultra-secret program for much of its life, until the late 1980s.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-12" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> The project began in 1975 with a model called the "Hopeless Diamond"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-13" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-14" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> (a wordplay on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Diamond" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hope Diamond">Hope Diamond</a> due to its appearance). In 1977 Lockheed produced two 60% scale models under the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Have_Blue" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lockheed Have Blue">Have Blue</a>contract. The Have Blue program was a stealth technology demonstrator that lasted from 1976 to 1979. The success of Have Blue led the Air Force to create the <i>Senior Trend</i><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-15" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-16" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> program which developed the F-117.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The decision to produce the F-117A was made on 1 November 1978, and a contract awarded to Lockheed Advanced Development Projects, popularly known as the <i>Skunk Works</i>, in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burbank,_California" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Burbank, California">Burbank, California</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-17" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> The program was led by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Rich" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ben Rich">Ben Rich</a>. Rich called on Bill Schroeder, a Lockheed mathematician, and Denys Overholser, a computer scientist, to exploit Ufimtsev's work. They designed a computer program called Echo, which made it possible to design an airplane with flat panels, called facets, which were arranged so as to scatter over 99% of a radar's signal energy "painting" the aircraft.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Advent_10-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-Advent-10" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-18" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-19" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The F-117 first flew in June 1981, only 31 months after the full-scale development decision. The first production F-117A was delivered in 1982, operational capability was achieved in October 1983.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Centennial2_20-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-Centennial2-20" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> The Air Force denied the existence of the aircraft until 1988, when a grainy photograph was released to the public. In April 1990 two were flown into Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada, arriving during daylight and visible to a crowd of tens of thousands. Five Full Scale Development (FSD) aircraft built and were designated "YF-117A".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-21" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> A total of 59 production F-117s were delivered through July 1990.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-22" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:F-117_Taxi.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="146" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/F-117_Taxi.jpg/220px-F-117_Taxi.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:F-117_Taxi.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>F-117 taxiing.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">As the Air Force has stated, "Streamlined management by Aeronautical Systems Center, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright-Patterson_AFB" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wright-Patterson AFB">Wright-Patterson AFB</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, combined breakthrough stealth technology with concurrent development and production to rapidly field the aircraft... The F-117A program demonstrates that a stealth aircraft can be designed for reliability and maintainability."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Nat_Museum_factsht_0-2" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-Nat_Museum_factsht-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> The aircraft maintenance statistics are comparable to other tactical fighters of similar complexity. Logistically supported by Sacramento Air Logistics Center, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McClellan_AFB" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="McClellan AFB">McClellan AFB</a>, California, the F-117A was kept at the forefront of technology through a planned weapon system improvement program located at USAF <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_42" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Plant 42">Plant 42</a> at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmdale,_California" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Palmdale, California">Palmdale, California</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Several of the F-117s were painted with a gray camouflage pattern in an experiment to determine the effectiveness of the F-117's stealth during daylight conditions. 2004 and 2005 saw several mid-life improvement programs implemented on the F-117, including an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avionics" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Avionics">avionics</a> upgrade.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Designation">Designation</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The operational aircraft had the official designation of "F-117A".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-23" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup> Most modern U.S. military aircraft use <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_United_States_Tri-Service_aircraft_designation_system" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system">post-1962 designations</a> in which the designation "F" is usually an air-to-air fighter, "B" is usually a bomber, "A" is usually a ground-attack aircraft, etc. (Examples include the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-15_Eagle" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="F-15 Eagle">F-15</a>, the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-2_Spirit" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="B-2 Spirit">B-2</a>, and the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-6_Intruder" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="A-6 Intruder">A-6</a>.) The F-117 is primarily a ground-attack aircraft so its "F" designation is inconsistent with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United States Department of Defense">DoD</a> system, but it is an inconsistency that has been repeatedly employed by the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Air_Force" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="U.S. Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> with several of its ground attack aircraft since the late 1950s (i.e., <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-105" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="F-105">F-105</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-111" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="F-111">F-111</a>, etc.).</div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><div id="ogg_player_1" style="width: 220px;"><div><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lockheed_F-117.ogg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lockheed F-117.ogg"><img alt="Lockheed F-117.ogg" height="180" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Lockheed_F-117.ogg/seek%3D32-Lockheed_F-117.ogg.jpg" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a></div><div><button style="text-align: center; width: 220px;" title="Play video"><img alt="Play video" height="22" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/OggHandler/play.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /></button></div></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lockheed_F-117.ogg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>F-117 flight demonstration</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The designation "F-117" seems to indicate that it was given an official designation prior to the 1962 U.S. Tri-Service Aircraft Designation System and could be considered numerically to be a part of the earlier "Century series" of fighters. The assumption prior to the revealing of the aircraft to the public was that it would likely receive the designation F-19 as that number had not been used. However there were no other aircraft to receive a "100" series number following the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-111" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="General Dynamics F-111">F-111</a>. Captured Soviet fighters were given F-series numbers for their evaluation by U.S. test pilots, and with the advent of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teen_Series" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Teen Series">Teen Series</a> fighters, most often <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Century_Series" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Century Series">Century Series</a> designations.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">As with other exotic military aircraft types flying in the southern Nevada area, such as captured fighters, an arbitrary radio call of "117" was assigned. This same radio call had been used by the enigmatic 4477th "Red Hats/Red Eagles" unit that often had flown expatriated MiGs in the area, but there was no relationship to the call and the formal <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-19" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="F-19">F-19</a> designation then being considered by the Air Force. Apparently, use of the "117" radio call became commonplace and when Lockheed released its first flight manual ("dash one"), F-117A was the designation printed on the cover.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-24" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">A televised documentary quoted a senior member of the F-117A development team as saying that the top-notch fighter pilots required to fly the new aircraft were more easily attracted to an "F" plane, as opposed to a "B" or "A" aircraft.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-25" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_F-117_Nighthawk&action=edit&section=4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: F-117N “Seahawk”">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="F-117N_.E2.80.9CSeahawk.E2.80.9D">F-117N “Seahawk”</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In the early 1990s, Lockheed proposed an upgraded, carrier capable variant of the F-117 dubbed the “Seahawk” as an alternative to the canceled A/F-X program. The unsolicited proposal was received poorly by the Department of Defense, who had little interest in the single mission capabilities of such an aircraft, particularly as it would take money away from the Joint Advanced Strike Technology program (which evolved into the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Strike_Fighter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Joint Strike Fighter">Joint Strike Fighter</a>). The new aircraft would have differed from the land based F-117 in several ways, including the addition “of elevators, a bubble canopy, a less sharply swept wing and reconfigured tail".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-not_inter_26-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-not_inter-26" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-27" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup> The “N” variant would also be re-engined to use <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric_F414" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="General Electric F414">General Electric F414</a> turbofans instead of the older <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric_F404" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="General Electric F404">General Electric F404s</a>. Furthermore the aircraft would be optionally fitted with hardpoints, allowing for an additional 8,000 lb (3,600 kg) of payload, and a new ground attack radar with air-to-air capability. In that role the F-117N could carry <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIM-120_AMRAAM" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="AIM-120 AMRAAM">AIM-120 AMRAAM</a>air-to-air missiles.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-not_inter_26-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-not_inter-26" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-new_f117n_28-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-new_f117n-28" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">After being rebuffed by the Navy, Lockheed submitted an updated proposal that included afterburning capability and a larger emphasis on the F-117N as a multimission aircraft, rather than just an attack aircraft.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-new_f117n_28-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-new_f117n-28" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup> In efforts to boost interest, Lockheed also proposed an <i>F-117B</i> land-based variant that shared most of the F-117N capabilities. This variant was proposed to both the US Air Force and the RAF.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-29" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup> This renewed F-117N proposal was also known as the <i>A/F-117X</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-30" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup> Neither the F-117N or the F-117B were purchased by any party.</div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_F-117_Nighthawk&action=edit&section=5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Design">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Design">Design</span></h2><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:F-117_Front_View.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="146" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/F-117_Front_View.jpg/220px-F-117_Front_View.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:F-117_Front_View.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>The front side of an F-117</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The F-117 is shaped to deflect radar signals and is about the size of an <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-15_Eagle" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="F-15 Eagle">F-15 Eagle</a>. The single-seat Nighthawk is powered by two non-afterburning <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GE-Aviation" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="GE-Aviation">General Electric</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric_F404" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="General Electric F404">F404</a> turbofan engines, and has quadruple-redundant <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly-by-wire" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Fly-by-wire">fly-by-wire flight controls</a>. It is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_refueling" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Aerial refueling">air refuelable</a>. To lower development costs, the avionics, fly-by-wire systems, and other parts are derived from the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-16_Fighting_Falcon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16 Fighting Falcon</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F/A-18_Hornet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="F/A-18 Hornet">F/A-18 Hornet</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-15E_Strike_Eagle" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="F-15E Strike Eagle">F-15E Strike Eagle</a>. The parts were originally described as spares on budgets for these aircraft, to keep the F-117 project secret. The F-117 Nighthawk has a radar signature of about 0.025 m<sup style="line-height: 1em;">2</sup>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-31" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div class="thumb tleft" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lockheed_F-117_Nighthawk_cabin.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/73/Lockheed_F-117_Nighthawk_cabin.jpg/220px-Lockheed_F-117_Nighthawk_cabin.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lockheed_F-117_Nighthawk_cabin.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>F-117 with its canopy opened</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Among the penalties for stealth are lower engine power thrust, due to losses in the inlet and outlet, a very low wing<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(wing)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Aspect ratio (wing)">aspect ratio</a>, and a high <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweep_angle" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sweep angle">sweep angle</a> (50°) needed to deflect incoming radar waves to the sides.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sweetman_AS_dj2008_32-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-Sweetman_AS_dj2008-32" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup> With these design considerations and no <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterburner" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Afterburner">afterburner</a>, the F-117 is limited to subsonic speeds.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The F-117A is equipped with sophisticated navigation and attack systems integrated into a digital avionics suite. It carries no radar, which lowers emissions and cross-section. It navigates primarily by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Global Positioning System">GPS</a> and high-accuracy<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial_navigation" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Inertial navigation">inertial navigation</a>. Missions are coordinated by an automated planning system that can automatically perform all aspects of an attack mission, including weapons release. Targets are acquired by a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_imaging" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Thermal imaging">thermal imaging</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Infrared">infrared</a> system, slaved to a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Laser">laser</a> that finds the range and designates targets for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser-guided_bomb" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Laser-guided bomb">laser-guided bombs</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The F-117A's split internal bay can carry 5,000 lb (2,300 kg) of ordnance. Typical weapons are a pair of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GBU-10" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="GBU-10">GBU-10</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GBU-12" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="GBU-12">GBU-12</a>, or <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GBU-27" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="GBU-27">GBU-27</a> laser-guided bombs, two<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BLU-109" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="BLU-109">BLU-109</a> penetration bombs, or two Joint Direct Attack Munitions (<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JDAM" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="JDAM">JDAMs</a>), a GPS/INS guided stand-off bomb.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Operators">Operators</span></h2><dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="12" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United States">United States</a></dt>
<dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-33" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></a></sup></dd></dl><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4450th_Tactical_Group" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="4450th Tactical Group">4450th Tactical Group</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonopah_Test_Range_Airport" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tonopah Test Range Airport">Tonopah Test Range Airport</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">4450th Tactical Squadron (1981–1989)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">4451st Tactical Squadron (1981–1989)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">4453rd Test and Evaluation Squadron (1985–1989)</li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/37th_Training_Wing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="37th Training Wing">37th Tactical Fighter Wing</a> - Tonopah Test Range Airport<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/415th_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="415th Tactical Fighter Squadron">415th Tactical Fighter Squadron</a> (1989–1993)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/416th_Fighter_Squadron" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="416th Fighter Squadron">416th Tactical Fighter Squadron</a> (1989–1993)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/417th_Weapons_Squadron" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="417th Weapons Squadron">417th Tactical Fighter Training Squadron</a> (1989–1993)</li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/49th_Wing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="49th Wing">49th Fighter Wing</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holloman_Air_Force_Base" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Holloman Air Force Base">Holloman AFB</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7th_Fighter_Squadron" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="7th Fighter Squadron">7th Fighter Squadron</a> (1991–2006)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th_Fighter_Squadron" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="8th Fighter Squadron">8th Fighter Squadron</a> (1992–2008)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9th_Fighter_Squadron" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="9th Fighter Squadron">9th Fighter Squadron</a> (1993–2008)</li>
</ul></li>
</ul><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_F-117_Nighthawk&action=edit&section=7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Operational history">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Operational_history">Operational history</span></h2><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:F-117A_Landing_Drag-chute.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="143" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/F-117A_Landing_Drag-chute.jpg/220px-F-117A_Landing_Drag-chute.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:F-117A_Landing_Drag-chute.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>An F-117A during landing employing a<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drogue_parachute" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Drogue parachute">drag-chute</a>.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">During the program's early years, from 1984 to mid-1992, the F-117A fleet was based at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonopah_Test_Range_Airport" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tonopah Test Range Airport">Tonopah Test Range Airport</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> where it served under the 4450th Tactical Group. Because the F-117 was classified during this time, the 4450th Tactical Group was "officially" located at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellis_Air_Force_Base" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nellis Air Force Base">Nellis Air Force Base</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>and equipped with <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-7_Corsair_II" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="A-7 Corsair II">A-7 Corsair II</a> aircraft. The 4450th was absorbed by the 37th Tactical Fighter Wing in 1989. In 1992, the entire fleet was transferred to<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holloman_Air_Force_Base" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Holloman Air Force Base">Holloman Air Force Base</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, where it was placed under the command of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/49th_Fighter_Wing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="49th Fighter Wing">49th Fighter Wing</a>. The move eliminated the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_Air" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Key Air">Key Air</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Trans_Air" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="American Trans Air">American Trans Air</a> contract flights, which flew 22,000 passenger trips on 300 flights from Nellis to Tonopah per month.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">F-117 pilots called themselves "Bandits". Each of the 558 Air Force pilots who have flown the F-117 have a Bandit number, such as "Bandit 52", that indicates the sequential order of their first flight in the F-117.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Topolsky_34-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-Topolsky-34" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The F-117 has been used several times in war. Its first mission was during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United States invasion of Panama">United States invasion of Panama</a> in 1989.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Tread_35-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-Tread-35" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup> During that invasion two F-117A Nighthawks dropped two bombs on Rio Hato airfield.</div><div class="thumb tleft" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USAF_F-117_Nighthawk_formation_(1).jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="157" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/USAF_F-117_Nighthawk_formation_%281%29.jpg/220px-USAF_F-117_Nighthawk_formation_%281%29.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USAF_F-117_Nighthawk_formation_(1).jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>F-117s in formation</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">During the Persian Gulf War in 1991, the F-117A flew approximately 1,300 sorties and scored direct hits on 1,600 high-value targets in Iraq<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Nat_Museum_factsht_0-3" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-Nat_Museum_factsht-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> over 6,905 flight hours.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-frontline_36-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-frontline-36" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup> Only 2.5% of the American aircraft in Iraq were F-117s, yet they struck more than 40% of the strategic targets.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-37" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></a></sup> F-117As dropped over 2,000 tons of precision-guided munitions and struck their targets with over an 80% success rate. "Although the 37th Tactical Fighter Wing Provisional and its 42 stealth fighters represented just 2.5 percent of all allied fighter and attack aircraft in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_Gulf" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>, the F-117As were assigned against more than 31 percent of the strategic Iraqi military targets attacked during the first 24 hours of the air campaign."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-frontline_36-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-frontline-36" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup> One of the missions resulted in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiriyah_shelter_massacre" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Amiriyah shelter massacre">Amiriyah shelter massacre</a> on 13 February 1991.</div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><div id="ogg_player_2" style="width: 220px;"><div><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lockheed_F-117_Nighthawk.ogv" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk.ogv"><img alt="Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk.ogv" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Lockheed_F-117_Nighthawk.ogv/seek%3D2-Lockheed_F-117_Nighthawk.ogv.jpg" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a></div><div><button style="text-align: center; width: 220px;" title="Play video"><img alt="Play video" height="22" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/OggHandler/play.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /></button></div></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lockheed_F-117_Nighthawk.ogv" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>F-117 Nighthawk USAF video</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">It was among the only U.S. or coalition aircraft to strike targets in downtown Baghdad. Among the aircraft with which the Nighthawk shared this distinction were the F-16s which attacked Baghdad during daylight on 19 January 1991 during the "Package Q" mission—the largest single sortie flown during the war.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-38" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Since moving to <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holloman_AFB" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Holloman AFB">Holloman AFB</a> in 1992, the F-117A and the men and women of the 49th Fighter Wing have deployed to Southwest Asia more than once. On their first trip, the crews flew non-stop from Holloman to Kuwait, a flight of approximately 18.5 hours – a record for single-seat fighters that stands today.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Nat_Museum_factsht_0-4" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-Nat_Museum_factsht-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">It has since been used in <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Allied_Force" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Operation Allied Force">Operation Allied Force</a> in 1999, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</a> in 2001 and in <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Iraqi_Freedom" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Operation Iraqi Freedom">Operation Iraqi Freedom</a> in 2003.</div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_F-117_Nighthawk&action=edit&section=8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Combat losses">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Combat_losses">Combat losses</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">One F-117 has been lost in combat with the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_of_Yugoslavia_(FRY)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Army of Yugoslavia (FRY)">Army of Yugoslavia</a>. On 27 March 1999, during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo_War" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War</a>, the 3rd Battalion of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/250th_Air_Defence_Missile_Brigade" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="250th Air Defence Missile Brigade">250th Air Defence Missile Brigade</a> under the command of Colonel <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_Dani" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Zoltán Dani">Zoltán Dani</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-39" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup> downed an F-117A, callsign "Vega 31", AF serial number 82-0806, with a Yugoslav version of the Soviet <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-125_Neva/Pechora" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="S-125 Neva/Pechora">Isayev S-125 'Neva'</a> (NATO name SA-3 'Goa') anti-aircraft missile system.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-40" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-40" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>41<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Dani_41-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-Dani-41" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Powers_Europe" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe">NATO Commander</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesley_Clark" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wesley Clark">Wesley Clark</a> and other NATO generals, Yugoslav air defenses detected F-117s by operating their radars on unusually long wavelengths, making the aircraft visible to radar for brief periods. It is also possible that the aircraft was visible due to a disruption of its radar signature caused by open bomb-bay doors. This was the justification given by Colonel Dani in a 2007 interview.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-42" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-42" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>43<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:F-117_canopy.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="163" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/F-117_canopy.jpg/220px-F-117_canopy.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:F-117_canopy.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Canopy of F-117 shot down in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> in March 1999 at the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Aviation_in_Belgrade" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Museum of Aviation in Belgrade">Museum of Aviation in Belgrade</a>.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Reportedly, several SA-3s were launched from approximately 8 miles (13 km) out, one of which detonated near the F-117A, forcing the pilot to eject. Though still classified, it is believed that the F-117 has no radar warning indicator, so the pilot's first indication of an incoming missile was likely seeing its flame. At this distance and combined speed the pilot had about six seconds to react before impact. According to an interview, Zoltán Dani kept most of his missile sites intact by frequently moving them, and had spotters looking for F-117s and other NATO aircraft. He oversaw the modification of his targeting radar to improve its detection.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Dani_41-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-Dani-41" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></a></sup> The commanders and crews of the SAMs guessed the flight paths of earlier F-117A attacks from rare radar spottings and positioned their SAM launchers and spotters accordingly. It is believed that the SA-3 crews and spotters were able to locate and track F-117A <i>82-806</i> visually, probably with infra-red and night vision systems. He claimed that his battery shot down an F-16 as well.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Dani_41-2" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-Dani-41" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The F-117 pilot survived and was later rescued by U.S. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_Pararescue" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Air Force Pararescue">Air Force Pararescue</a> personnel. The wreckage of the F-117 was not promptly bombed, due to possible media fallout from news footage of civilians around the wreckage. The Serbs are believed to have invited Russian personnel to inspect the remains, compromising the then 25-year old US stealth technology.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-43" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-43" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup> The F-117's pilot was misidentified. While the name "Capt Ken 'Wiz' Dwelle" was painted on the canopy, it was revealed in 2007 that the pilot was actually Lt Col Dale Zelko, USAF.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-44" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>45<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-45" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>46<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Some sources claim that a second F-117A was damaged during the same campaign, allegedly on 30 April.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-46" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>47<span>]</span></a></sup> Although the aircraft returned to base, it supposedly never flew again.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-47" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-47" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>48<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-48" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-48" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>49<span>]</span></a></sup></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_F-117_Nighthawk&action=edit&section=9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Retirement">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Retirement">Retirement</span></h3><div class="thumb tleft" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:F-117A_Ramp.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="144" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/F-117A_Ramp.jpg/220px-F-117A_Ramp.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:F-117A_Ramp.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>An F-117A parked at Langley AFB,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Despite its productive combat service, the F-117 was designed with late 1970s technologies. Its stealth technology, while more advanced than that of any other aircraft except the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-2_Spirit" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="B-2 Spirit">B-2 Spirit</a> and the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="F-22 Raptor">F-22 Raptor</a>, is maintenance intensive. Furthermore, the facet-based stealth design has been surpassed by newer technology. Program Budget Decision 720 (PBD 720), dated 28 December 2005, proposed retiring the entire fleet by October 2008 to permit buying more F-22As. PBD 720 called for 10 aircraft to be retired in FY 2007 and the remaining 42 aircraft in FY 2008 and stated there were more capable Air Force assets that could provide low observable, precision penetrating weapons capability including the B-2, F-22 and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JASSM" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="JASSM">JASSM</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-49" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-49" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>50<span>]</span></a></sup> The Air Force originally planned to retire the F-117 in 2011. The Air Force later decided to retire the F-117 sooner to shift funds to modernizing the rest of the fleet.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Topolsky_34-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-Topolsky-34" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup> This would save an estimated $1.07 billion.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-50" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-50" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>51<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In late 2006, the Air Force closed the F-117 formal training unit (FTU),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-51" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-51" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>52<span>]</span></a></sup> and announced the retirement of the F-117.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-52" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-52" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>53<span>]</span></a></sup> The first six aircraft to be retired made the last flight on 12 March 2007 after a ceremony at Holloman AFB to commemorate the aircraft's career. Brigadier General David Goldfein, commander of the 49th Fighter Wing, said at the ceremony, "With the launch of these great aircraft today, the circle comes to a close — their service to our nation's defense fulfilled, their mission accomplished and a job well done. We send them today to their final resting place — a home they are intimately familiar with — their first, and only, home outside of Holloman."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-atn070316_53-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-atn070316-53" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>54<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:American_Flag_F-117_Nighthawks.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="146" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/American_Flag_F-117_Nighthawks.jpg/220px-American_Flag_F-117_Nighthawks.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:American_Flag_F-117_Nighthawks.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>A pair of specially painted F-117 Nighthawks fly off from their last refueling by the Ohio Air National Guard's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/121st_Air_Refueling_Wing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="121st Air Refueling Wing">121st Air Refueling Wing</a>.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Unlike most other Air Force aircraft which are retired to <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davis-Monthan_AFB" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Davis-Monthan AFB">Davis-Monthan AFB</a>, the F-117s are being retired to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonopah_Test_Range_Airport" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tonopah Test Range Airport">Tonopah Test Range Airport</a>. At Tonopah, their wings will be removed and the aircraft will be stored in their original hangars.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-atn070316_53-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-atn070316-53" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>54<span>]</span></a></sup> On 11 March 2008, it was reported that the last F-117s in service would touch down on 22 April 2008 in Tonopah Test Range Airfield in Nevada, the site of the F-117's first flight.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Topolsky_34-2" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-Topolsky-34" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup> The F-117 was retired during ceremonies at Palmdale and Tonopah on 22 April 2008.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-LATRetire_1-2" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-LATRetire-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> Four aircraft were kept flying beyond April by the 410th Flight Test Squadron at Palmdale for flight test. By the beginning of August, two were remaining, and the last F-117 left Palmdale to fly to Tonopah on 11 August 2008.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-54" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-54" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>55<span>]</span></a></sup> With the last aircraft leaving for retirement, the 410th was deactivated in a ceremony on 1 August 2008.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-55" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-55" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>56<span>]</span></a></sup></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Alleged_post-retirement_sightings"><br />
Alleged post-retirement sightings</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">While the F-117 was officially retired in 2007, there have been alleged sightings of the aircraft in flight since then, as recent as July 2010. Video of the alleged sightings exist, but no date appears on the video to corroborate the authenticity of the claim.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-56" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-56" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>57<span>]</span></a></sup></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Aircraft_on_display"><br />
Aircraft on display</span></h2><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">The first YF-117A is currently on pedestal display at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada. </li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">The second YF-117A is currently on static display at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="National Museum of the United States Air Force">National Museum of the Air Force</a> at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright-Patterson_Air_Force_Base" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wright-Patterson Air Force Base">Wright-Patterson Air Force Base</a>, Ohio.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">The third YF-117A built is on static display at Holloman Air Force Base, repainted to resemble the first F-117A used to drop weapons in combat.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">The fourth YF-117A built is currently on static display in the Blackbird Airpark at <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_Plant_42" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Air Force Plant 42">Air Force Plant 42</a> in Palmdale, California.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">The remains of the F-117A (s/n 82-0806) downed over Serbia are displayed at the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Aviation_in_Belgrade" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Museum of Aviation in Belgrade">Museum of Aviation in Belgrade</a> close to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgrade_Nikola_Tesla_Airport" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport">Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-57" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-57" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>58<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
</ul><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_F-117_Nighthawk&action=edit&section=12" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Specifications">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Specifications">Specifications</span></h2><div class="floatright" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; position: relative;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LOCKHEED_F-117A_NIGHT_HAWK.svg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="An orthographically projected diagram of the F-117A Nighthawk"><img alt="An orthographically projected diagram of the F-117A Nighthawk" height="171" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/LOCKHEED_F-117A_NIGHT_HAWK.svg/300px-LOCKHEED_F-117A_NIGHT_HAWK.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="300" /></a></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:F-117A_GBU-28.JPEG" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="147" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/F-117A_GBU-28.JPEG/220px-F-117A_GBU-28.JPEG" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:F-117A_GBU-28.JPEG" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>An F-117 conducts a live exercise bombing run using <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GBU-27" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="GBU-27">GBU-27</a> laser-guided bombs.</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lockheed_F-117NighthawkV-tail.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/50/Lockheed_F-117NighthawkV-tail.jpg/220px-Lockheed_F-117NighthawkV-tail.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lockheed_F-117NighthawkV-tail.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Nighthawk's left "ruddervator" or V-tail shown</div></div></div><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><i>Data from</i> USAF National Museum,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Nat_Museum_factsht_0-5" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-Nat_Museum_factsht-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> US Air Force<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-58" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-58" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>59<span>]</span></a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><big><b>General characteristics</b></big></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Crew:</b> 1</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Length:</b> 65 ft 11 in (20.09 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wingspan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wingspan">Wingspan</a>:</b> 43 ft 4 in (13.20 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Height:</b> 12 ft 9.5 in (3.78 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Wing area:</b> 780 ft² (73 m²)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturer%27s_Weight_Empty" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Manufacturer's Weight Empty">Empty weight</a>:</b> 29,500 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_(mass)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pound (mass)">lb</a> (13,380 kg)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Loaded weight:</b> 52,500 lb (23,800 kg)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Powerplant:</b> 2× <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric_Aviation" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="General Electric Aviation">General Electric</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric_F404" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="General Electric F404">F404-F1D2</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbofan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Turbofan">turbofans</a>, 10,600 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound-force" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pound-force">lbf</a> (48.0 kN) each</li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><big><b>Performance</b></big></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_speeds#Vno" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="V speeds">Maximum speed</a>:</b> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach_number" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mach number">Mach</a> 0.92 (617 mph, 993 km/h)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_speeds#Vc" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="V speeds">Cruise speed</a>:</b> Mach 0.92</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_(aircraft)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Range (aircraft)">Range</a>:</b> 930 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_mile" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nautical mile">NM</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-59" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-59" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>60<span>]</span></a></sup> (1720 km)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceiling_(aeronautics)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ceiling (aeronautics)">Service ceiling</a>:</b> 45,000 ft (13,716 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_loading" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wing loading">Wing loading</a>:</b> 65 lb/ft² (330 kg/m²)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrust-to-weight_ratio" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Thrust-to-weight ratio">Thrust/weight</a>:</b> 0.40</li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><big><b>Armament</b></big></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2 × internal weapons bays with one <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardpoint" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hardpoint">hardpoint</a> each (total of two weapons) equipped to carry:</li>
</ul><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Bombs:</b><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BLU-109_bomb" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="BLU-109 bomb">BLU-109</a> hardened penetrator</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GBU-10_Paveway_II" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="GBU-10 Paveway II">GBU-10 Paveway II</a> laser-guided bomb</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GBU-12_Paveway_II" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="GBU-12 Paveway II">GBU-12 Paveway II</a> laser-guided bomb</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GBU-27_Paveway_III" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="GBU-27 Paveway III">GBU-27 Paveway III</a> laser-guided bomb</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JDAM" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="JDAM">JDAM</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial_guidance" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Inertial guidance">INS</a>/<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPS" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="GPS">GPS</a> guided munition</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B61_nuclear_bomb" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="B61 nuclear bomb">B61 nuclear bomb</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-60" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117#cite_note-60" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span>[</span>61<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
</ul></li>
</ul><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_F-117_Nighthawk&action=edit&section=13" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Notable appearances in media">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Notable_appearances_in_media">Notable appearances in media</span></h2><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In the 1996 film <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Decision" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Executive Decision">Executive Decision</a></i> a fictional, modified F-117 known as the "XF-117 Remora" is used to transfer an assault team onto a passenger aircraft inflight without being detected in order not to put any additional danger to the situation. In the film <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_Experiment_II" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Philadelphia Experiment II">Philadelphia Experiment II</a></i> a teleportation experiment sent an F-117 back in time to <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Germany">Germany</a>.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from January 2010">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omaha_Nighthawks" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Omaha Nighthawks">Omaha Nighthawks</a> professional football team uses the F-117 Nighthawk as its logo.</div><br />
</span>ALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2444015428987296349.post-65080672312753476432010-12-15T06:23:00.000-08:002010-12-15T06:23:16.223-08:00BMP-3<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQjNXtPHd5I/AAAAAAAAACw/5WHtQfPA0a4/s1600/800px-2008_Moscow_May_Parade_Rehearsal_-_BMP-3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQjNXtPHd5I/AAAAAAAAACw/5WHtQfPA0a4/s320/800px-2008_Moscow_May_Parade_Rehearsal_-_BMP-3.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">The <b>BMP-3</b> is a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soviet">Soviet</a> amphibious <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infantry_fighting_vehicle" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Infantry fighting vehicle">infantry fighting vehicle</a>, successor to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMP-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="BMP-1">BMP-1</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMP-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="BMP-2">BMP-2</a>, which entered service with the Soviet army in 1987 and was first observed by the West in 1990. BMP stands for <i>Boyevaya Mashina Pekhoty</i> (<span lang="ru" xml:lang="ru">Боевая Машина Пехоты</span>, literally "Infantry Combat Vehicle").</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<table class="infobox" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; color: black; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: left; width: 315px;"><tbody>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Type</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">Infantry fighting vehicle</td></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Place of origin</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color: lightsteelblue; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Production history</th></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Manufacturer</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurganmashzavod" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kurganmashzavod">Kurganmashzavod</a></td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color: lightsteelblue; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Specifications</th></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Weight</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">18.7 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonne" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tonne">tonnes</a> (18.4 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_ton" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Long ton">LT</a>; 20.6 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_ton" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Short ton">ST</a>)</td></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Length</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">7.14 m (23 ft 5 in)</td></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Width</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">3.2 m (10 ft 6 in)</td></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Height</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">2.4 m (7 ft 10 in)</td></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Crew</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">3 (+7 passengers)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top;"><hr style="background-color: #aaaaaa; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #aaaaaa; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.2em;" /></td></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_armour" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Vehicle armour">Armor</a></th><td style="vertical-align: top;">35 mm (1.4 in) max. frontal armour (est.)</td></tr>
<tr><th style="line-height: 11pt; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Primary<br />
armament</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">100 mm gun/launcher <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2A70&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="2A70 (page does not exist)">2A70</a>, 30 mm autocannon <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2A72&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="2A72 (page does not exist)">2A72</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="line-height: 11pt; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Secondary<br />
armament</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">3×7.62 mm <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PKT" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="PKT">PKT</a> machine guns</td></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Engine</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">UTD-29M diesel<br />
500 hp (375 kW)</td></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Power/weight</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">27 hp/tonne</td></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Suspension</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">torsion bar</td></tr>
<tr><th style="line-height: 11pt; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Operational<br />
range</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">600 km (370 mi)</td></tr>
<tr><th style="padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;">Speed</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">72 km/h (45 mph) (road)<br />
45 km/h (28 mph) (off-road)<br />
10 km/h (6.2 mph) (water)</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Production_history">Production history</span></h2><div><span class="mw-headline" id="Production_history">The design of the BMP-3 or Obyekt 688M can be traced back to the Obyekt 685 light tank prototype with 100 mm gun 2A48-1 from 1975. This vehicle didn't enter series production but the chassis, with a new engine, was used for the next-generation infantry combat vehicle Obyekt 688 from A. Blagonravov's design bureau. The Ob. 688 weapons configuration—an externally-mounted 30 mm gun and twin Konkurs <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATGM" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="ATGM">ATGM</a> launcher—was rejected; instead the new 2K23 armament system was selected. The resulting BMP-3 was developed in the early 1980s and entered service with the Soviet army officially in 1987. It was shown for the first time in public during the 1990 May Parade and was given the NATO code ICV M1990/1.</span></div><div><span class="mw-headline" id="Production_history"><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Armament_and_equipment">Armament and equipment</span></h2><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The BMP-3, nicknamed Troyka, is one of the most heavily armed infantry combat vehicles in service, fitted with a low velocity 2A70 100 mm rifled gun, which can fire conventional <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_explosive" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="High explosive">HE-Frag</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(projectile)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Shell (projectile)">shells</a> or 9M117 (<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT-10_Stabber" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="AT-10 Stabber">AT-10 Stabber</a>) <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATGM" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="ATGM">ATGMs</a> (40 HE rounds and 8 ATGM are carried), a 2A72 dual feed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocannon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Autocannon">autocannon</a> with 500 rounds and a rate of fire of 350 to 400 rpm, and a 7.62 mm <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_gun" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Machine gun">machine gun</a> with 2,000 rounds, all mounted coaxially in the turret. The main gun elevates from -5º to +60º. There are also two 7.62 mm bow machine guns, again with 2,000 rounds each. The BMP-3 is capable of engaging targets out to 5,000–6,000 meters with its ATGM weapon system 9K116-3 Basnya. If the missile launcher is destroyed, missile guidance ceases and the missile may miss its target. The minimum engagement distance, flight time and vulnerability of launcher are typical of command-guided, rather than <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire-and-forget" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Fire-and-forget">fire-and-forget</a>, ATGM systems; most systems in service are command-guided.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">According to the manufacturer's web-site, all weapons can be fired from the halt, on the move, and afloat with the same effectiveness. The ability to hit targets on the move with missiles was successfully demonstrated during competitive evaluations in the UAE in 1991.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The turret is fitted with the 2K23 system which consists of an automatic loader, a ballistic computer 1V539, a cross-wind sensor, a 2E52-2 stabilising system, the 1D16-3 laser range finder, the 1K13-2 gunner's sight/guidance device and the PPB-1 gunner's sight. The commander has a combined optical sight 1PZ-10, a day/night vision device TKN-3MB and an IR search light OU-3GA2.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The vehicle also carries one <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPG-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="RPG-7">RPG-7</a>, five <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPG-18" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="RPG-18">RPG-18</a>'s, two <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MANPADS" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="MANPADS">MANPADS</a> launchers (<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strela-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Strela-3">Strela-3</a> or <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igla" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Igla">Igla</a>) and 10<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F1_grenade_(Russia)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="F1 grenade (Russia)">F1 hand grenades</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Early models were powered by a 450 hp engine UTD-29, but most BMP-3's are equipped with the 500 hp UTD-29M version. Standard equipment includes five firing ports with associated vision blocks, a tranceiver R-173, a receiver R-173P, a GO-27 radiation and chemical agent detector, an FVU filtration system, an automatic fire extinguisher and six smoke grenade launchers 81 mm 902V "Tucha".</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The vehicle has an unconventional layout. The engine is in the back of the vehicle to the right (unlike in most other IFV which have the engine located forward in the hull). As a result the driver is seated forward in the hull (in the center) together with two infantrymen (one on each side of the driver). The vehicle has a double bottom and the engine is located under the floor of the vehicle (troops enter/leave the vehicle over the engine). In an effort to improve battlefield survivability the fuel tanks are also located in the floor of the vehicle. The remaining five infantrymen are seated aft of the two man turret. The BMP-3 can lay its own smoke screen by injecting fuel into the exhaust.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The hull and turret are made of aluminium, with the front being provided with a layer of spaced armor. Over the frontal 60 degree arc the vehicle is protected against 30 mm armor-piercing rounds of 2A42 gun at a range of 300 m. An ERA armour kit is currently available providing increased protection, however, using ERA on a IFV is considered problematic by some experts since it poses a threat to friendly troops located in the vicinity off the vehicle.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span></sup></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Variants">Variants</span></h2><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Russian_Federation"><br />
Russian Federation</span></h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>BMP-3</b> - Basic version, as described.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>BMP-3M</b> - KBP and Kurganmashzavod have upgraded the vehicle with a new turret and engines. The upgraded vehicle is called the BMP-3M and the new turret includes a new automatic fire control system with digital computer, new BZS1 gunner's sight with SAGEM thermal imager and laser illuminator, TKN-AI commander's periscope with laser infrared illuminator and new ammunition loading system. The BMP-3M will also be able to fire ammunition types including a new 100 mm laser-guided projectiles, new 100 mm HE-FRAG (high explosive fragmentation) rounds and new 30 mm APDS (armour piercing discarding sabot) rounds. Additional passive armour protection is effective against 12.7 mm armour-piercing rounds from a range of 50m. Explosive reactive armour is available as an option. The new uprated engine is the UTD-32, which is rated at 660 hp. There are actually several different M models, some fitted with additional armour, "Arena-E" or "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shtora" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Shtora">Shtora-1</a>" protection system, air conditioner etc.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>BMMP</b> (<i>bojevaya mashina morskoj pekhoti</i>) - Version for naval infantry, fitted with the turret of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMP-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="BMP-2">BMP-2</a>.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>BMP-3K</b> (<i>komandnyi</i>) - Tactical command variant, includes additional radios R-173, an AB-1 APU, a navigation device TNA-4-6 and the "Ainet" round fuzing capability. The BMP-3K lacks the bow machine guns and has its whip antennas mounted on the rear hull. Crew: 3+3.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>BMP-3F</b> - Specially designed for operations at sea, with improved seaworthiness and buoyancy, and high fire accuracy at sea force 2. This can endure continuous amphibious operation for seven hours.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>BRM-3K "Rys" (Ob.501)</b> (<i>boyevaya razvedivatel'naya mashina</i>) - Reconnaissance variant with 1PN71 thermal sight (3.7x/11x, 3 km range), 1PN65 second-generation image intensifier (7x, 1.2-1.5 km range), 1RL-133-1 ("TALL MIKE") I-band surveillance radar (3 km man, 12 km vehicle), 1V520 computer and a TNA-4-6 navigation system. The armament consists only of the stabilized 30 mm gun 2A72 (600 rounds) and a coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun (2,000 rounds). Combat weight: 19 t, crew: 6.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>BREM-L "Beglianka" (Ob.691)</b> (<i>bronirovannaya remontno-evakuatsionnaya mashina</i>) - Armoured recovery vehicle with five-tone crane and 20/40 metric ton capacity winch. </li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>9P157 "Krizantema-S"</b> - Anti-tank version with two supersonic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9M123_Khrizantema" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="9M123 Khrizantema">9M123 Khrizantema</a> (AT-15) missiles. </li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>9P162 "Kornet-T"</b> - Anti-tank version with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9M133_Kornet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="9M133 Kornet">9M133 Kornet</a> (AT-14) missile system.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2S31_Vena" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2S31 Vena">2S31 Vena</a></b> - Fire support vehicle with a 120 mm mortar</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>DZM "Vostorg-2"</b> (<i>dorozhno-zemlerojnaya mashina</i>) - Combat engineer vehicle with a dozerblade and excavating bucket. Prototype.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>UR-93</b> (<i>ustanovka razminirovaniya</i>) - Mine clearing system. Prototype.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>UNSh</b> (<i>unifitsirovannyj shassi</i>) - Basic chassis for specialised variants.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>KhTM</b> (<i>khodovoj trenazhor</i>) - Driver trainer.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Hermes</b> - Air-defence vehicle with high-velocity missiles and radar system. Prototype.</li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The turret of the BMP-3 has been fitted to the Patria Armoured Modular Vehicle.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Operators">Operators</span></h2><div><span class="mw-headline" id="Operators"><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The majority of BMP-3s are in use outside of Russia with Abu Dhabi (the United Arab Emirates) being the largest foreign operator:</div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Russia">Russia</a> - 550</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> - 120</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> - 598 with "Namut" thermal sight and other modifications. Might be further upgraded with modular armor "Kaktus" and UTD-32 engine.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> - 70 given in 1996 to pay off Russian debt. All vehicles in service.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> - 4 (total of 60 on order)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> - 43</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> - 17 BMP-3F have arrived in 26 November 2010. </li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> - 45</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> - 4 </li>
</ul><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Former_operators"><br />
Former operators</span></h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> - Passed on to successor states.</li>
</ul></span></div></span><br />
</div>ALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2444015428987296349.post-81311550485403881292010-12-13T05:30:00.000-08:002010-12-14T03:58:25.340-08:00Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQYd8e_9lJI/AAAAAAAAACA/xIHuWjBJbhA/s1600/750px-Two_F-22A_Raptor_in_column_flight_-_%2528Noise_reduced%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="256" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQYd8e_9lJI/AAAAAAAAACA/xIHuWjBJbhA/s320/750px-Two_F-22A_Raptor_in_column_flight_-_%2528Noise_reduced%2529.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><b>F-22 Raptor</b> merupakan sebuah <a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_pejuang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat pejuang">pesawat pejuang</a> <a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknologi_halimunan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Teknologi halimunan">halimunan</a> yang dibina oleh <a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a> dan <a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_Integrated_Defense_Systems" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing Integrated Defense Systems">Boeing Integrated Defense Systems</a>, bertujuan untuk mengetuai pejuang taktikal termaju <a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Syarikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Amerika Syarikat">Amerika Syarikat</a> pada awal <a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-21" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Abad ke-21">abad ke-21</a>. Penerbangan ujian pertama Raptor dilakukan pada<a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_September" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="7 September">7 September</a> <a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1997">1997</a>. Keluaran F-22 pertama dihantar kepada <a class="new" href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pangkalan_Tentera_Udara_Nellis&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Pangkalan Tentera Udara Nellis (tidak wujud)">Pangkalan Tentera Udara Nellis</a> di <a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> pada <a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/14_Januari" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="14 Januari">14 Januari</a> <a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2003">2003</a>.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<table class="infobox" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; color: black; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: left; width: 23em;"><tbody>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Peranan</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_penguasaan_udara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat penguasaan udara">Pesawat penguasaan udara</a><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknologi_halimunan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Teknologi halimunan">halimunan</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">Negara pengeluar</span></th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Syarikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Amerika Syarikat">Amerika Syarikat</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Pengeluar</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Aeronautics" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lockheed Martin Aeronautics">Lockheed Martin Aeronautics</a><br />
<a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_Integrated_Defense_Systems" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing Integrated Defense Systems">Boeing Integrated Defense Systems</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Penerbangan sulung</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">YF-22: 29 September 1990<br />
F-22: 7 September 1997</td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Mula digunakan</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">15 Disember 2005</td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Status</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">Active<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-F-22_factsheet_0-0"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor#cite_note-F-22_factsheet-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Pengguna utama</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tentera_Udara_Amerika_Syarikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tentera Udara Amerika Syarikat">Tentera Udara Amerika Syarikat</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">Jumlah dibina</span></th><td style="vertical-align: top;">141 setakat Mei 2009<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor#cite_note-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[2]</a></sup></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">Kos program</span></th><td style="vertical-align: top;">AS$ 65 bilion<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor#cite_note-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></sup></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">Kos seunit</span></th><td style="vertical-align: top;">AS$ 137.5 juta (kos terbang keluar pada 2008)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-usaf_fy2009_budget_3-0"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor#cite_note-usaf_fy2009_budget-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[4]</a></sup></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Kelainan</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="new" href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=X-44_MANTA&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="X-44 MANTA (tidak wujud)">X-44 MANTA</a><br />
<a class="new" href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FB-22&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="FB-22 (tidak wujud)">FB-22</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Maklumat_umum">Maklumat umum</span></h2><div><span class="mw-headline" id="Maklumat_umum"></span><br />
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQdbXjYkz0I/AAAAAAAAACU/kh-k65SaMos/s1600/F-22-raptor-16.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="250" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQdbXjYkz0I/AAAAAAAAACU/kh-k65SaMos/s320/F-22-raptor-16.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="mw-headline" id="Maklumat_umum">Pesawat Raptor direka untuk membawa <a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peluru_berpandu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Peluru berpandu">peluru berpandu</a> di dalam ruang dalamnya bagi mengekalkan ciri-ciri halimunannya. Peluru berpandunya dilancarkan dengan menggunakan lengan hidraulik setelah pintu ruang simpanan bom terbuka dalam tempoh kurang dari satu saat. Ia juga mampu membawa bom sebesar <a class="new" href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JDAM&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="JDAM (tidak wujud)">JDAM</a> dan SDB (Bom berdiameter kecil - <i>Small Diameter Bomb</i>) yang dipandu dengan Sistem Kedudukan Sejagat untuk menyerang sistem radar udara musuh.</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Maklumat_umum"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tentera_Udara_Amerika_Syarikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tentera Udara Amerika Syarikat">Tentera Udara Amerika Syarikat</a> pada asalnya bercadang memesan 750 F-22, dengan pengeluaran pertama bermula pada 1994. Selepas Penilaian Pesawat Utama pada 1990, pengeluaran telah dimulakan pada 1996 bagi menghasilkan sejumlah 648 <a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_pejuang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat pejuang">pesawat pejuang</a>. Pada tahun 1994 sejumlah 442 pesawat bersedia untuk masuk berkhidmat pada 2003/2004. Laporan <a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabatan_Pertahanan_Amerika_Syarikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jabatan Pertahanan Amerika Syarikat">Jabatan Pertahanan Amerika Syarikat</a> pada tahun 1997 menyatakan bahawa jumlah akhir adalah sebanyak 339 buah pesawat. Pada masa ini terdapat perdebatan mengenai jumlah unit yang mampu diperolehi, walaupun pada tahun 2003 Tentera Udara A.S berkata ia mampu membeli 277 buah pesawat berasaskan had kos sebanyak AS$ 43 bilion.</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Maklumat_umum">F/A-22 versi sayap berensel telah dicadangkan untuk <a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tentera_Laut_Amerika_Syarikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tentera Laut Amerika Syarikat">Tentera Laut Amerika Syarikat</a> bagi menggantikan <a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-14_Tomcat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="F-14 Tomcat">F-14 Tomcat</a>. Namun begitu, program ini kemudian telah dibatalkan pada 1993.</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Maklumat_umum"><span class="mw-headline" id="Spesifikasi_.28F-22_Raptor.29">Spesifikasi (F-22 Raptor)</span></span></h2><div><span class="mw-headline" id="Maklumat_umum"><span class="mw-headline" id="Spesifikasi_.28F-22_Raptor.29"></span></span><br />
<h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.2em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Maklumat_umum"><span class="mw-headline" id="Spesifikasi_.28F-22_Raptor.29"><span class="mw-headline" id="Ciri_umum">Ciri umum</span></span></span></h3><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Maklumat_umum"><span class="mw-headline" id="Spesifikasi_.28F-22_Raptor.29"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQYfqE0nH2I/AAAAAAAAACI/2rCZ1xd7W9g/s1600/F22a3view.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="152" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQYfqE0nH2I/AAAAAAAAACI/2rCZ1xd7W9g/s320/F22a3view.png" width="320" /></a></span></span></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Maklumat_umum"><span class="mw-headline" id="Spesifikasi_.28F-22_Raptor.29"><b>Anak kapal:</b> 1</span></span></li>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Maklumat_umum"><span class="mw-headline" id="Spesifikasi_.28F-22_Raptor.29">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Panjang:</b> 62 kaki 1 in (18.90 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rentang_sayap" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rentang sayap">Rentang sayap</a>:</b> 44 kaki 6 in (13.56 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tinggi:</b> 16 kaki 8 in (5.08 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Sayap luas:</b> 840 kaki² (78.04 m²)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a class="new" href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aerofoil&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Aerofoil (tidak wujud)">Aerofoil</a>:</b> <a class="new" href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NACA_airfoil&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="NACA airfoil (tidak wujud)">NACA 64A?05.92</a> pangkal, NACA 64A?04.29 hujung</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Berat kosong:</b> 43,430 Ib (19,700 kg<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-F-22_factsheet_0-2"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor#cite_note-F-22_factsheet-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-lm_specs_5-1"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor#cite_note-lm_specs-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a></sup>)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Berat berisi:</b> 64,460 lb (29,300 kg<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor#cite_note-8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[9]</a></sup>)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Berat berlepas maksimum:</b> 83,500 lb (38,000 kg)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Loji kuasa:</b> 2× <a class="new" href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_F119&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Pratt & Whitney F119 (tidak wujud)">Pratt & Whitney F119-PW-100</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbin_kipas" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Turbin kipas">turbin kipas</a> <a class="new" href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tujahan_vektor&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Tujahan vektor (tidak wujud)">tujahan vektor</a>, 35,000+ lb (156+ kN) setiap satu</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Muatan minyak:</b> 18,000 lb (8,200 kg) dalaman, atau 26,000 lb (11,900 kg) dengan dua tangki luar</li>
</span></span></ul><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Maklumat_umum"><span class="mw-headline" id="Spesifikasi_.28F-22_Raptor.29"><span class="mw-headline" id="Prestasi">Prestasi</span></span></span></h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Maklumat_umum"><span class="mw-headline" id="Spesifikasi_.28F-22_Raptor.29"><b><a class="new" href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kelajuan_V&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Kelajuan V (tidak wujud)">Kelajuan maksimum</a>:</b><br />
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Pada altitud:</b> <a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombor_Mach" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nombor Mach">Mach</a> 2.25 (1,500 bsj, 2,410 km/j)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a class="new" href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superkrus&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Superkrus (tidak wujud)">Superkrus</a>:</b> Mach 1.82 (1,220 bsj, 1,963 km/j)</li>
</ul></span></span></li>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Maklumat_umum"><span class="mw-headline" id="Spesifikasi_.28F-22_Raptor.29">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a class="new" href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jarak_(pesawat_udara)&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Jarak (pesawat udara) (tidak wujud)">Jarak</a>:</b> 1,600 batu nautika (1,840 batu, 2,960 km) dengan 2 tangki minyak luar</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Jejari bertempur:</b> 410 batu nautika (471 batu, 759 km)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Jarak maksimum:</b> 2,000 batu (1,738 <a class="new" href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batu_nautika&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Batu nautika (tidak wujud)">batu nautika</a>, 3,219 km)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a class="new" href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tinggi_maksimum_penerbangan&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Tinggi maksimum penerbangan (tidak wujud)">Lelangit khidmat</a></b> 65,000 batu (19,812 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a class="new" href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beban_sayap&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Beban sayap (tidak wujud)">Beban sayap</a>:</b> 66 lb/kaki² (322 kg/m²)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisbah_tujahan-kepada-berat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nisbah tujahan-kepada-berat">Tujahan/berat</a>:</b> 1.08 (1.26 dengan 50% minyak)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Beban</b>-<i>g</i> <b>maksimum:</b> -3.0/+9.0 g</li>
</span></span></ul><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Maklumat_umum"><span class="mw-headline" id="Spesifikasi_.28F-22_Raptor.29"><b>Meriam:</b> 1× 20 mm <a class="new" href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meriam_gatling&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Meriam gatling (tidak wujud)">meriam gatling</a> <a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/M61_Vulcan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="M61 Vulcan">M61A2 Vulcan</a> pada pangkal sayap sebelah kanan, 480 butir peluru</span></span></li>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Maklumat_umum"><span class="mw-headline" id="Spesifikasi_.28F-22_Raptor.29">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Udara ke udara:</b><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">6× <a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIM-120_AMRAAM" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="AIM-120 AMRAAM">AIM-120 AMRAAM</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2× <a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIM-9_Sidewinder" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="AIM-9 Sidewinder">AIM-9 Sidewinder</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Udara ke permukaan:</b><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2× <a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIM-120_AMRAAM" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="AIM-120 AMRAAM">AIM-120 AMRAAM</a> <i>dan</i></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2× <a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIM-9_Sidewinder" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="AIM-9 Sidewinder">AIM-9 Sidewinder</a> <i>dan salah satu daripada berikut:</i><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2× 1,000 lb <a class="new" href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joint_Direct_Attack_Munition&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Joint Direct Attack Munition (tidak wujud)">JDAM</a> <i>atau</i></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2× <a class="new" href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wind_Corrected_Munitions_Dispenser&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser (tidak wujud)">Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser</a> (WCMD) <i>atau</i></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">8× 250 lb <a class="new" href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GBU-39_Small_Diameter_Bomb&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb (tidak wujud)">GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a class="new" href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tenggekan&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Tenggekan (tidak wujud)">Tenggekan</a>:</b> 4× stesen pilon di bawah sayap yang boleh membawa 600 gelen <a class="new" href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tangki_jatuhan&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Tangki jatuhan (tidak wujud)">tangki jatuhan</a> <i>Sargent Fletcher</i> <i>atau</i> senjata, setiap satunya dengan beban kira-kira 5,000 lb (2,268 kg).</li>
</span></span></ul><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Maklumat_umum"><span class="mw-headline" id="Spesifikasi_.28F-22_Raptor.29"><span class="mw-headline" id="Avionik">Avionik</span></span></span></h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Maklumat_umum"><span class="mw-headline" id="Spesifikasi_.28F-22_Raptor.29"><b>RWR (<a class="new" href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penerima_Amaran_Radar&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Penerima Amaran Radar (tidak wujud)">Penerima Amaran Radar</a>):</b> 250 <a class="new" href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batu_nautika&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Batu nautika (tidak wujud)">batu nautika</a> (463 km) atau lebih</span></span></li>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Maklumat_umum"><span class="mw-headline" id="Spesifikasi_.28F-22_Raptor.29">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Radar">Radar</a>:</b> 125-150 batu (200-240 km) menentang 1 m2 sasaran (anggaran jarak)</li>
</span></span></ul></div></div>ALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2444015428987296349.post-2201255906290764502010-12-13T04:14:00.000-08:002010-12-13T04:14:11.766-08:00Kapal Induk<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQYLDKZQXpI/AAAAAAAAAB4/FCx0AF9oIr8/s1600/800px-USS_Enterprise_%2528CVN-65%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="228" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQYLDKZQXpI/AAAAAAAAAB4/FCx0AF9oIr8/s320/800px-USS_Enterprise_%2528CVN-65%2529.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><b>Kapal induk</b> (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>: <i>carrier vessel</i>, CV) adalah sebutan untuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapal_perang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kapal perang">kapal perang</a> yang memuat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_tempur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat tempur">pesawat tempur</a> dalam jumlah besar. Tugasnya adalah memindahkan kekuatan udara ke dalam armada angkatan laut sebagai pendukung operasi-operasi angkatan laut. Selain itu juga digunakan sebagai pusat komando operasi dan sebagai kekuatan <i>detterence</i> atau memberikan efek gentar pada lawan. Sebagai kapal yang membawa pesawat, kapal induk memiliki fleksibilitas tempur yang lebih tinggi dibanding jenis kapal perang lainnya. Selain kegunaan tempur, kapal induk juga memiliki fungsi-fungsi lain seperti pengintaian, superioritas udara, atau memberikan bantuan. Saat Tsunami Aceh tahun 2004, Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat menurunkan 1 kapal induknya dalam memberikan bantuan kemanusiaan kepada para korban, mencari orang-orang hilang, dan mengangkut jenazah-jenazah korban.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Sejarah_kapal_induk">Sejarah kapal induk</span></h2><div><span class="mw-headline" id="Sejarah_kapal_induk"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQYMnOnJfvI/AAAAAAAAAB8/UvCNrsSHTdc/s1600/800px-Russian_aircraft_carrier_Kuznetsov.jpg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="203" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQYMnOnJfvI/AAAAAAAAAB8/UvCNrsSHTdc/s320/800px-Russian_aircraft_carrier_Kuznetsov.jpg.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Kapal induk pertama kali digunakan oleh <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Laut_Inggris" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Angkatan Laut Inggris">Angkatan Laut Inggris</a>, namun sampai menjelang perang dunia kedua negara-negara barat termasuk Amerika Serikat masih enggan menggunakannya sebagai kekuatan Angkatan laut utama. Konsep konvensional armada angkatan laut saat itu didominasi oleh Kapal jelajah berat, Kapal jelajah, Kapal perusak (destroyer) dengan ukuran meriam yang cukup besar hal ini memang disebabkan bahwa kapal induk dipandang cukup rentan dan riskan bila digunakan dalam operasi maritim.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Adalah Angkatan Laut Jepang (Kaigun) yang menggunakan kapal Induk secara efektif pada awal perang dunia II. Akibat perjanjian maritim antara Inggris Amerika dan Jepang serta Perancis dan Jerman disepakati rasio tonase 5:5:3:1,5:1,5 untuk USA, Inggris, Jepang, Perancis dan Jerman membuat Jepang mengakalinya dengan membuat kapal induk ukuran sedang tetapi dilengkapi kekuatan udara yang mematikan sekalipun menuai kemarahan dari pihak militer sendiri. Bukti dari rekayasa Jepang adalah serangan atas Pearl Harbour 9 Desember 1941 yang menyadarkan Barat akan fungsi kapal induk yang dapat melakukan serangan mematikan atas instalasi sasaran lawan. Saat mulainya Perang Pasifik, Jepang memiliki 6 kapal induk yaitu Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, Hiryu, Shokaku, dan Zuikaku, dan 2 kapal induk ringan yaitu Hosho dan Ryujo. Jepang kehilangan 4 kapal induknya pada Pertempuran Midway, yaitu Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, dan Hiryu. Sejak saat itu, ofensif-ofensif Jepang menggunakan kapal induk sudah dihentikan dan menjadi tidak berarti lagi.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Negara-negara_pengguna_kapal_induk">Negara-negara pengguna kapal induk</span></h2><div><span class="mw-headline" id="Negara-negara_pengguna_kapal_induk"><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rusia">Rusia</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Perancis">Perancis</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggris" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Inggris">Inggris</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Cina">Cina</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="India">India</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Italia">Italia</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Spanyol">Spanyol</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasil" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Brasil">Brasil</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li>
</ol><div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Negara-negara_yang_pernah_menggunakan_kapal_induk">Negara-negara yang pernah menggunakan kapal induk</span></h2></div><div><span class="mw-headline" id="Negara-negara_yang_pernah_menggunakan_kapal_induk"><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jerman">Jerman</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jepang">Jepang</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Australia">Australia</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belanda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Belanda">Belanda</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li>
</ol><div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Jenis-jenis_kapal_induk">Jenis-jenis kapal induk</span></h2></div><div><span class="mw-headline" id="Jenis-jenis_kapal_induk"><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Dari_segi_propulsi">Dari segi propulsi</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Dari segi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahan_bakar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bahan bakar">bahan bakar</a> terdapat dua jenis kapal induk yakni:</div><h4 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Kapal_Induk_Nuklir"><br />
Kapal Induk Nuklir</span></h4><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Kapal Induk ini menggunakan mesin bertenaga <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuklir" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nuklir">nuklir</a> yang diperoleh dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaktor" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Reaktor">reaktor</a> nuklir yang berada pada kapal tersebut yang dihubungkan dengan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turbin_uap&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Turbin uap (halaman belum tersedia)">turbin uap</a>. Tenaga uap yang dihasilkan kapal Induk tersebut selain sebagai penggerak kapal juga digunakan sebagai sumber tenaga listrik serta tenaga uapnya digunakan sebagai pengatur tekanan pada catapult kapal induk untuk meluncurkan pesawat. Untuk Armada Amerika serikat kapal ini diberi kode CVN contoh kapal induk nuklir adalah <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Ronald_Reagan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="USS Ronald Reagan">USS Ronald Reagan</a>, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS_Kitty_Hawk&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="USS Kitty Hawk (halaman belum tersedia)">USS Kitty Hawk</a>, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS_Enterprise&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="USS Enterprise (halaman belum tersedia)">USS Enterprise</a>.</div><h4 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Kapal_Induk_Konvensional"><br />
Kapal Induk Konvensional</span></h4><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Kapal induk ini menggunakan mesin bertenaga <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Diesel">diesel</a> contohnya adalah 25 de Mayo (Argentina), <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a> (Italia), <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RTN&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="RTN (halaman belum tersedia)">RTN</a> <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chakkri_Narruebet&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Chakkri Narruebet (halaman belum tersedia)">Chakkri Narruebet</a> (Thailand). Untuk Armada Amerika Serikat biasanya digunakan kode CV dan pada saat ini jarang digunakan.</div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Teknis_Peluncuran_Pesawat"><br />
Teknis Peluncuran Pesawat</span></h3><h4 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Kapal_Induk_Konvensional_.28CTOL.2FConventional_Take_Off_Landing.29"><br />
Kapal Induk Konvensional (CTOL/Conventional Take Off Landing)</span></h4><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Kapal induk jenis ini biasanya berukuran besar karena geladaknya digunakan sebagai tempat pendaratan dan peluncuran pesawat secara convensional (biasa). Dilengkapi dengan catapult untuk meluncurkan pesawat dan kabel arrester (penahan) untuk membantu pendaratan pesawat, karena panjang geladak kapal induk lebih pendek daripada panjang landasan di pangkalan. Selain tempat parkir pesawat selain ruangan yang berada pada lambung kapal. Kapal Kapal Induk yang digunakan US Navy rata rata adalah kapal induk jenis ini. Contoh : USS Ronald Reagan, USS John F Kennedy. Kiev(Rusia), 25 de Mayo (Argentina), Foch dan Charles de Gaulle (Perancis)</div><h4 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Kapal_Induk_STOVL_.28Short_Take_Off_Vertikal_Landing.29"><br />
Kapal Induk STOVL (Short Take Off Vertikal Landing)</span></h4><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Kapal induk ini biasanya berukuran sedang/ringan, memiliki Sky Jump yang digunakan untuk meluncurkan pesawat dan pendaratan pesawat dilakukan secara vertikal. Oleh karena itu pesawat pesawat yang digunakan adalah pesawat pesawat tempur jenis khusus semacam AV-8 Harrier (USA) , Harrier II Plus (Inggris), Yak 38 Forger, Yak 141 Freehand (Rusia) ataupun Helikopter. Pada pesawat tempur Rusia biasanya dilengkapi laser untuk memudahkan pendaratan. Hampir kebanyakan negara menggunakan kapal Induk Jenis ini karena memerlukan biaya perawatan dan operasional yang lebih rendah daripada kapal induk jenis CTOL. Contoh dari Kapal Induk Jenis ini adalah: HMS Invincible, HMS Ark Royal (Inggris), Giuseppe Garibaldi (Italia), Prince de Asturias (Spanyol), Viraat, Vikrant (India), Novorossysk (Rusia), Chakri Narruebet (Thailand), USS Tarrawa (USMC.)</div></span></div></span></div></span></div></span></div>ALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2444015428987296349.post-50654183694277943292010-12-09T05:50:00.000-08:002010-12-09T05:50:52.133-08:00Industri Pesawat Terbang Nusantara (PT DI)<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><b><span id="goog_1982010189"></span><span id="goog_1982010190"></span></b></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQDdp6C37hI/AAAAAAAAABw/5kf65bSJ_bw/s1600/Logo_DI_kecil.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQDdp6C37hI/AAAAAAAAABw/5kf65bSJ_bw/s320/Logo_DI_kecil.jpg" width="303" /></a></div><b><br />
</b><br />
<b>PT. Dirgantara Indonesia</b> (DI) (nama <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>: <i>Indonesian Aerospace Inc.</i>) adalah industri pesawat terbang yang pertama dan satu-satunya di<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> dan di wilayah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Tenggara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Asia Tenggara">Asia Tenggara</a>. Perusahaan ini dimiliki oleh Pemerintah Indonesia. DI didirikan pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/26_April" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="26 April">26 April</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1976">1976</a> dengan nama PT. Industri Pesawat Terbang Nurtanio dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/BJ_Habibie" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="BJ Habibie">BJ Habibie</a> sebagai Presiden Direktur. <b>Industri Pesawat Terbang Nurtanio</b> kemudian berganti nama menjadi <b>Industri Pesawat Terbang Nusantara</b> (<b>IPTN</b>) pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/11_Oktober" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="11 Oktober">11 Oktober</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1985">1985</a>. Seteleah direstrukturisasi, IPTN kemudian berubah nama menjadi Dirgantara Indonesia pada<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_Agustus" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="24 Agustus">24 Agustus</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2000">2000</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pada awal hingga pertengahan tahun 2000-an Dirgantara Indonesia mulai menunjukkan kebangkitannya kembali, banyak pesanan dari luar negeri seperti Thailand, Malaysia, Brunei, Korea, Filipina dan lain-lain.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan.">[<i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mengutip_sumber" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Mengutip sumber">rujukan?</a></i>]</span></sup> Meskipun begitu, karena dinilai tidak mampu membayar utang berupa kompensasi dan manfaat pensiun dan jaminan hari tua kepada mantan karyawannya, DI dinyatakan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pailit&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Pailit (halaman belum tersedia)">pailit</a> oleh Pengadilan Niaga pada Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat pada<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_September" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="4 September">4 September</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2007">2007</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-pailit_0-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPTN#cite_note-pailit-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup> Namun pada tanggal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_Oktober" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="24 Oktober">24 Oktober</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2007">2007</a> keputusan pailit tersebut dibatalkan. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-pembatalan_pailit_1-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPTN#cite_note-pembatalan_pailit-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[2]</a></sup>Dirgantara Indonesia tidak hanya memproduksi berbagai pesawat tetapi juga <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helikopter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Helikopter">helikopter</a>, senjata, menyediakan pelatihan dan jasa pemeliharaan (<i>maintenance service</i>) untuk mesin-mesin pesawat. Dirgantara Indonesia juga menjadi sub-kontraktor untuk industri-industri pesawat terbang besar di dunia seperti <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boeing">Boeing</a>, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Dynamic&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="General Dynamic (halaman belum tersedia)">General Dynamic</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokker" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Fokker">Fokker</a> dan lain sebagainya. Dirgantara Indonesia pernah mempunyai karyawan sampai 16 ribu orang. Karena krisis ekonomi banyak karyawan yang dikeluarkan dan karyawannya kemudian menjadi berjumlah sekitar 4000 orang.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="LAPIP"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LAPIP&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="LAPIP (halaman belum tersedia)">LAPIP</a></span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Kependekan dari Lembaga Persiapan Industri Penerbangan diresmikan pada 16 Desember 1961, dibentuk oleh KASAU untuk mempersiapkan Industri Penerbangan yang mempunyai kemampuan untuk mendukung kegiatan penerbangan nasional Indonesia</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Sehubungan dengan ini LAPIP pada tahun 1961 menandatangani perjanjian kerjasama dengan CEKOP (industri pesawat terbang Polandia) untuk mebangun sebuah industri pesawat terbang di Indonesia.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Kontrak dengan CEKOP:</div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Menbangun gedung untuk fasilitas manufaktur pesawat terbang</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Pelatihan SDM</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Memproduksi <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PZL-104_Wilga&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="PZL-104 Wilga (halaman belum tersedia)">PZL-104 Wilga</a> under licence sebagai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelatik" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gelatik">Gelatik</a></li>
</ul><h4 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Gelatik"><br />
Gelatik</span></h4><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pesawat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelatik" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gelatik">Gelatik</a> diproduksi sebanyak 44 unit,dipergunakan sebagai pesawat pertanian, transpor ringan dan aero-club</div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="LIPNUR"><br />
LIPNUR</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pada tahun 1965 Berdiri <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=KOPELAPIP&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="KOPELAPIP (halaman belum tersedia)">KOPELAPIP</a> (Komando Pelaksana Industri Pesawat Terbang) dan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PN._Industri_Pesawat_Terbang_Berdikari&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="PN. Industri Pesawat Terbang Berdikari (halaman belum tersedia)">PN. Industri Pesawat Terbang Berdikari</a> melalui Dekrit Presiden. Setelah pada tahun 1966 Nurtanio meninggal Pemerintah menggabungkan KOPELAPIP dan PN. Industri Pesawat Terbang Berdikari menjadi <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LIPNUR&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="LIPNUR (halaman belum tersedia)">LIPNUR</a> kependekan dari Lembaga Industri Penerbangan Nurtanio untuk menghormati kepeloporan almarhum Nurtanio.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Kemudian setelah itu datanglah BJ Habibie yang mengubah LIPNUR menjadi IPTN yang dikemudian hari sempat tercatat sebagai industri pesawat terbang termaju di negara berkembang.</div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Produksi"><br />
Produksi</span></h2><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Pesawat_Sayap_Tetap"><br />
Pesawat Sayap Tetap</span></h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-2130" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="N-2130">N-2130</a>, Proyek Dihentikan karena <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krisis_finansial_Asia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Krisis finansial Asia">krisis finansial Asia</a> 1997</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-250" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="N-250">N-250</a> (Tahap uji terbang prototype)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/CASA_C_212" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="CASA C 212">NC-212</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/CN-235" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="CN-235">CN-235</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-219" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="N-219">N-219</a> Sedang dirancang dan direncanakan terbang pada tahun 2010</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_Sikumbang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat Sikumbang">Sikumbang</a> produksi era <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nurtanio&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Nurtanio (halaman belum tersedia)">Nurtanio</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_Belalang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat Belalang">Belalang</a> produksi era <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nurtanio&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Nurtanio (halaman belum tersedia)">Nurtanio</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_Kunang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat Kunang">Kunang</a> produksi era <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nurtanio&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Nurtanio (halaman belum tersedia)">Nurtanio</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelatik" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gelatik">Gelatik</a> produksi era <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LAPIP&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="LAPIP (halaman belum tersedia)">LAPIP</a> lisensi dari CEKOP <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Polandia">Polandia</a> (sekarang dikenal dengan nama <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PZL&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="PZL (halaman belum tersedia)">PZL</a>)</li>
</ul><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Helikopter"><br />
Helikopter</span></h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBO_105" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="NBO 105">NBO 105</a> dipergunakan secara luas di Indonesia, lisensi dari <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MBB&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="MBB (halaman belum tersedia)">MBB</a> Jerman</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBK_117" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="NBK 117">NBK 117</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBell_412" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="NBell 412">NBell 412</a> lisensi dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Helicopter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bell Helicopter">Bell Helicopter</a>, AS</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAS_330_Puma" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="NAS 330 Puma">NAS 330 Puma</a> lisensi dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerospatiale" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Aerospatiale">Aerospatiale</a>, Perancis</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NAS_332_Super_Puma&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="NAS 332 Super Puma (halaman belum tersedia)">NAS 332 Super Puma</a> Pengembangan dari Puma, lisensi dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerospatiale" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Aerospatiale">Aerospatiale</a>, Perancis</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Tailboom dan fuselage dari <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=EC_725&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="EC 725 (halaman belum tersedia)">EC 725</a> dan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=EC_225&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="EC 225 (halaman belum tersedia)">EC 225</a></li>
</ul><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Lainnya"><br />
Lainnya</span></h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpedo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Torpedo">Torpedo</a> <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SUT&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="SUT (halaman belum tersedia)">SUT</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turbin_Uap&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Turbin Uap (halaman belum tersedia)">Turbin Uap</a> 2 MW oleh <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PT_Nusantara_Turbin_Propulsi&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="PT Nusantara Turbin Propulsi (halaman belum tersedia)">PT Nusantara Turbin Propulsi</a> (anak perusahaan PT. DI)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turbin_Uap&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Turbin Uap (halaman belum tersedia)">Turbin Uap</a> 4 MW oleh PT Nusantara Turbin Propulsi (anak perusahaan PT. DI)</li>
</ul></div>ALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2444015428987296349.post-89473225674849433742010-12-09T05:24:00.000-08:002010-12-09T05:24:32.363-08:00F-16 Fighting Falcon<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQDYIh2f88I/AAAAAAAAABI/Y31MgpY4ULM/s1600/F-16_Fighting_Falcon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="222" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQDYIh2f88I/AAAAAAAAABI/Y31MgpY4ULM/s320/F-16_Fighting_Falcon.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><b><br />
</b></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><b>F-16 Fighting Falcon</b> adalah <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_Tempur_Fighter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat Tempur Fighter">jet tempur</a> multi-peran yang dikembangkan oleh General Dynamics (lalu di akuisisi oleh Lockheed Martin), di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>. Pesawat ini awalnya dirancang sebagai pesawat tempur ringan, dan akhirnya ber-evolusi menjadi pesawat tempur multi-peran yang sangat populer. Kemampuan F-16 untuk bisa dipakai untuk segala macam misi inilah yang membuatnya sangat sukses di pasar ekspor, dan dipakai oleh 24 negara selain Amerika Serikat.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/F16A/B_block_15_OCU#cite_note-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup>Pesawat ini sangat popular di mata international dan telah digunakan oleh 25 angkatan udara. F-16 merupakan proyek pesawat tempur Barat yang paling besar dan signifikan, dengan sekitar 4000 F-16 sudah di produksi sejak <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1976">1976</a>. Pesawat ini sudah tidak diproduksi untuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Udara_Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat">Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat</a>, tapi masih diproduksi untuk ekspor.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">F-16 dikenal memiliki kemampuan tempur di udara yang sangat baik, dengan inovasi seperti tutup <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokpit" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Kokpit">kokpit</a> tanpa <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bingkai&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Bingkai (halaman belum tersedia)">bingkai</a> yang memperjelas penglihatan, gagang pengendali samping untuk memudahkan kontrol pada kecepatan tinggi, dan kursi kokpit yang dirancang untuk mengurangi efek<i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=G-force&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="G-force (halaman belum tersedia)">g-force</a></i> pada pilot. Pesawat ini juga merupakan pesawat tempur pertama yang dibuat untu menahan belokan pada percepatan 9<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percepatan_gravitasi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Percepatan gravitasi">g</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1993">1993</a>, General Dynamics menjual bisnis produksi pesawat mereka kepada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Corporation" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Lockheed Corporation">Lockheed Corporation</a>, yang kemudian menjadi bagian dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a> setelah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merger" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Merger">merger</a> dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Marietta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Martin Marietta">Martin Marietta</a> pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1995">1995</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><table class="infobox" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: left; width: 23em;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 10em;"><b>Tipe</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Pesawat tempur</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Produsen</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Dynamics" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="General Dynamics">General Dynamics</a><br />
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Terbang perdana</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Februari" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="2 Februari">2 Februari</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1974">1974</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Diperkenalkan</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/17_Agustus" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="17 Agustus">17 Agustus</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1978">1978</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Status</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Aktif</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Pengguna</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a><br />
24 negara lainnya</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Jumlah produksi</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Lebih dari 4.000</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Harga satuan</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">US$18,8 juta (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1998">1998</a>)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Varian</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Dynamics_F-16XL&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="General Dynamics F-16XL (halaman belum tersedia)">General Dynamics F-16XL</a><br />
<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_F-2&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Mitsubishi F-2 (halaman belum tersedia)">Mitsubishi F-2</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960-an" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1960-an">1960-an</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Udara_Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat">Angkatan Udara</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Laut_Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat">Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat</a> menyimpulkan bahwa masa depan pertempuran udara akan ditentukan oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peluru_kendali" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Peluru kendali">peluru kendali</a> yang semakin modern. Dan bahwa pesawat tempur masa depan akan digunakan untuk mengejaran jarak jauh, berkecepatan tinggi, dan menggunakan sistem <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Radar">radar</a> yang sangat kuat untuk mendeteksi musuh dari kejauhan. Ini membuat desain pesawat tempur masa ini lebih seperti <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Interseptor&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Interseptor (halaman belum tersedia)">interseptor</a> daripada pesawat tempur klasik. Pada saat itu, Amerika Serikat menganggap pesawat <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F-111&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="F-111 (halaman belum tersedia)">F-111</a> (yang pada saat itu masih dalam tahap pengembangan) dan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F-4_Phantom&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="F-4 Phantom (halaman belum tersedia)">F-4 Phantom</a> akan cukup untuk kebutuhan pesawat tempur jarak jauh dan menengah, dan didukung oleh pesawat jarak dekat bermesin tunggal seperti <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F-100_Super_Sabre&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="F-100 Super Sabre (halaman belum tersedia)">F-100 Super Sabre</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-104_Starfighter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="F-104 Starfighter">F-104 Starfighter</a>, dan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F-8_Crusader&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="F-8 Crusader (halaman belum tersedia)">F-8 Crusader</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Vietnam" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Perang Vietnam">Perang Vietnam</a>, Amerika Serikat menyadari bahwa masih banyak kelemahan pada pesawat-pesawat mereka. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peluru_kendali_udara_ke_udara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Peluru kendali udara ke udara">Peluru kendali udara ke udara</a> pada masa itu masih memiliki banyak masalah, dan pemakaiannya juga dibatasi oleh aturan-aturan tertentu. Selain itu, pertempuran di udara lebih banyak berbentuk pertempuran jarak dekat dimana kelincahan di udara dan senjata jarak dekat sangat diperlukan.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Kolonel <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Boyd&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="John Boyd (halaman belum tersedia)">John Boyd</a> mengembangkan teori tentang perawatan energi pada pertempuran pesawat tempur, yang bergantung pada sayap yang besar untuk bisa melakukan manuver udara yang baik. Sayap yang lebih besar akan menghasilkan gesekan yang lebih besar saat terbang, dan biasanya menghasilkan jarak jangkau yang lebih sedikit dan kecepatan maksimum yang lebih kecil. Boyd menganggap pengorbanan jarak dan kecepatan perlu untuk menghasilkan pesawat yang bisa bermanuver dengan baik. Pada saat yang sama, pengembangan F-111 menemui banyak masalah, yang mengakibatkan pembatalannya, dan munculnya desain baru, yaitu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-14_Tomcat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="F-14 Tomcat">F-14 Tomcat</a>. Dorongan Boyd tentang pentingnya pesawat yang lincah, gagalnya program F-111, dan munculnya informasi tentang <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiG-25" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="MiG-25">MiG-25</a> yang saat itu kemampuan dibesar-besarkan membuat Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat memulai perancangan pesawat mereka sendiri, yang akhirnya menghasilkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-15_Eagle" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="F-15 Eagle">F-15 Eagle</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pada saat pengembangannya, F-15 berevolusi menjadi besar dan berat seperti F-111. Ini membuat Boyd frustrasi dan ia pun meyakinkan beberapa petinggi Angkatan Udara lain bahwa F-15 membutuhkan dukungan dari pesawat tempur yang lebih ringan. Grup petinggi Angkatan Udara ini menyebut diri mereka "<i>fighter mafia</i>", dan mereka bersikeras akan dibutuhkannya program Pesawat Tempur Ringan (<i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Light_Weight_Fighter&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Light Weight Fighter (halaman belum tersedia)">Light Weight Fighter</a></i>, LWF).</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mei" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Mei">Mei</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1971">1971</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongres_Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Kongres Amerika Serikat">Kongres Amerika Serikat</a> mengeluarkan laporan yang mengkritik tajam program F-14 dan F-15. Kongres mengiyakan pendanaan untuk program LWF sebesar US$50 juta, dengan tambahan $12 juta pada tahun berikutnya. Beberapa perusahaan memberikan proposal, tetapi hanya <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Dynamics" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="General Dynamics">General Dynamics</a> dan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northrop&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Northrop (halaman belum tersedia)">Northrop</a> yang sebelumnya sudah memulai perancangan dipilih untuk memproduksi prototip. Pesawat mereka mulai diuji pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1974">1974</a>. Program LWF awalnya merupakan program evaluasi tanpa direncanakan pembelian versi produksinya, tetapi akhirnya program ini dirubah namanya menjadi <i>Air Combat Fighter</i>, dan Angkatan Udara AS mengumumkan rencana untuk membeli 650 produk ACF. Pada tanggal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/13_Januari" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="13 Januari">13 Januari</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1975">1975</a> diumumkan bahwa YF-16 General Dynamics mengalahkan saingannya, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/YF-17" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="YF-17">YF-17</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQDYZ6XAJ_I/AAAAAAAAABM/2R8a-PldmVQ/s1600/662px-GENERAL_DYNAMICS_F-16_FIGHTING_FALCON.svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="234" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQDYZ6XAJ_I/AAAAAAAAABM/2R8a-PldmVQ/s320/662px-GENERAL_DYNAMICS_F-16_FIGHTING_FALCON.svg.png" width="320" /></a></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.2em; width: auto;"><br />
</h3><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.2em; width: auto;">Karakteristik umum</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Kru: 1</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Panjang: 49 ft 5 in (14.8 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Lebar sayap: 32 ft 8 in (9.8 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Tinggi: 16 ft (4.8 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Area sayap: 300 ft² (27.87 m²)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Airfoil&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Airfoil (halaman belum tersedia)">Airfoil</a></i>: <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NACA_airfoil&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="NACA airfoil (halaman belum tersedia)">NACA 64A204</a> root and tip</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Berat kosong: 18,238 lb (8,272 kg)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Berat terisi: 26,463 lb (12,003 kg)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Berat maksimum lepas landas: 42,300 lb (16,875 kg)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Mesin: 1× <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_F100&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Pratt & Whitney F100 (halaman belum tersedia)">Pratt & Whitney F100</a>-PW-220 afterburning <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbofan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Turbofan">turbofan</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Dorongan kering: 14,590 lbf (64.9 kN)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Dorongan dengan <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterburner" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Afterburner">afterburner</a></i>: 23,770 lbf (105.7 kN)</li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Alternate powerplant:</b> 1× <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Electric_F110&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="General Electric F110 (halaman belum tersedia)">General Electric F110</a>-GE-100 afterburning turbofan<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Dry thrust:</b> 17,155 lbf (76.3 kN)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Thrust with afterburner:</b> 28,985 lbf (128.9 kN)</li>
</ul></li>
</ul><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">Performa</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vno&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Vno (halaman belum tersedia)">Kecepatan maksimum</a>: >Mach 2 (1,320 mph, 2,124 km/h) at altitude</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Radius tempur: 340 mi (295 nm, 550 km) on a hi-lo-hi mission with six 1,000 lb (450 kg) bombs</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Jarak jangkau ferri: >3,200 mi (2,800 nm, 4,800 km)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batas_tertinggi_servis&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Batas tertinggi servis (halaman belum tersedia)">Batas tertinggi servis</a>: >55,000 ft (15,000 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laju_panjat&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Laju panjat (halaman belum tersedia)">Laju panjat</a>: 50,000 ft/min (260 m/s)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beban_sayap&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Beban sayap (halaman belum tersedia)">Beban sayap</a></i>: 88.2 lb/ft² (431 kg/m²)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rasio_dorongan_banding_berat_ratio&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Rasio dorongan banding berat ratio (halaman belum tersedia)">Dorongan/berat</a>: F100 0.898; F110 1.095</li>
</ul><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">Persenjataan</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Senjata api: 1× 20 mm (0.787 in) <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M61_Vulcan&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="M61 Vulcan (halaman belum tersedia)">M61 Vulcan</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatling_gun" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Gatling gun">gatling gun</a>, 511 rounds</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Roket: 2¾ in (70 mm) <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CRV7&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="CRV7 (halaman belum tersedia)">CRV7</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Rudal:<br />
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air-to-air_missile&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Air-to-air missile (halaman belum tersedia)">Air-to-air missiles</a>:</b><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">6× <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIM-9_Sidewinder" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="AIM-9 Sidewinder">AIM-9 Sidewinder</a> <i>or</i></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">6× <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AIM-120_AMRAAM&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="AIM-120 AMRAAM (halaman belum tersedia)">AIM-120 AMRAAM</a> <i>or</i></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">6× <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Python_missile&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Python missile (halaman belum tersedia)">Python-4</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air-to-ground_missile&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Air-to-ground missile (halaman belum tersedia)">Air-to-ground missiles</a>:</b><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">6× <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGM-65_Maverick" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="AGM-65 Maverick">AGM-65 Maverick</a> <i>or</i></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">4× <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AGM-88_HARM&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="AGM-88 HARM (halaman belum tersedia)">AGM-88 HARM</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-ship_missile&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Anti-ship missile (halaman belum tersedia)">Anti-ship missiles</a>:</b> 4× <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penguin_missile&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Penguin missile (halaman belum tersedia)">AGM-119 Penguin</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Bom:<br />
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2× <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CBU-87&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="CBU-87 (halaman belum tersedia)">CBU-87</a> cluster</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2× <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CBU-89&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="CBU-89 (halaman belum tersedia)">CBU-89</a> gator mine</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2× <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CBU-97&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="CBU-97 (halaman belum tersedia)">CBU-97</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">4× <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GBU-10_Paveway&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="GBU-10 Paveway (halaman belum tersedia)">GBU-10 Paveway</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">6× <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GBU-12_Paveway_II&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="GBU-12 Paveway II (halaman belum tersedia)">GBU-12 Paveway II</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">6× <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paveway&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Paveway (halaman belum tersedia)">Paveway</a>-series laser-guided bombs</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">4× <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joint_Direct_Attack_Munition&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Joint Direct Attack Munition (halaman belum tersedia)">JDAM</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">4× <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark_84_bomb&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Mark 84 bomb (halaman belum tersedia)">Mk 80 series</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=B61_nuclear_bomb&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="B61 nuclear bomb (halaman belum tersedia)">B61 nuclear bomb</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Lainya:">Lainya:</span></h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SUU-42A/A&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="SUU-42A/A (halaman belum tersedia)">SUU-42A/A</a> <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flare_(countermeasure)&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Flare (countermeasure) (halaman belum tersedia)">Flares/Infrared decoys</a> dispenser pod and <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chaff_(radar_countermeasure)&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Chaff (radar countermeasure) (halaman belum tersedia)">chaff</a> pod <i>or</i></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AN/ALQ-131&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="AN/ALQ-131 (halaman belum tersedia)">AN/ALQ-131</a> & <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AN/ALQ-184&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="AN/ALQ-184 (halaman belum tersedia)">AN/ALQ-184</a> <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electronic_countermeasures&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Electronic countermeasures (halaman belum tersedia)">ECM</a> pods <i>or</i></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LANTIRN&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="LANTIRN (halaman belum tersedia)">LANTIRN</a>, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_Martin_Sniper_XR&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Lockheed Martin Sniper XR (halaman belum tersedia)">Lockheed Martin Sniper XR</a> & <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LITENING_targeting_pod&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="LITENING targeting pod (halaman belum tersedia)">LITENING targeting pods</a> <i>or</i></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">up to 3× 300/330/370 US <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gallon&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Gallon (halaman belum tersedia)">gallon</a> <i>Sargent Fletcher</i> <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drop_tank&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Drop tank (halaman belum tersedia)">drop tanks</a> for ferry flight/extended range/loitering time.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">Avionik</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AN/APG-68&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="AN/APG-68 (halaman belum tersedia)">AN/APG-68</a> radar</li>
</ul>ALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2444015428987296349.post-86772842976053091212010-12-06T04:32:00.000-08:002010-12-09T05:39:43.884-08:00Antonov An-225<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TPzXVp2PzYI/AAAAAAAAABE/VVg4Dt1dNmk/s1600/8066.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="218" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TPzXVp2PzYI/AAAAAAAAABE/VVg4Dt1dNmk/s320/8066.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Antonov An-225 Mriya</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Ukraina" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Bahasa Ukraina"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">bahasa Ukraina</span></a>: <span lang="uk" xml:lang="uk"><i>Антонов Ан-225 Мрія</i></span>) merupakan pesawat terbesar kedua didunia yang dibuat oleh Perusahaan<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonov" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Antonov"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Antonov</span></a>. Nama belakang pesawat ini <i>Мрія</i> <i>(Mriya)</i> yang dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Ukraina" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Bahasa Ukraina"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">bahasa Ukraina</span></a> berarti <i>Mimpi</i> atau <i>Inspirasi</i>.</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dahulu pesawat ini digunakan untuk mengangkut pesawat ulang alik <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buran" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Buran"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Buran</span></a> menggantikan <b>Myasishchev VM-T</b>. Namun seiring dengan bubarnya Uni Soviet pada tahun 1991 dan proyek <b>Buran</b> yang tidak dilanjutkan lagi tahun 1993 pesawat ini terpaksa tidak beroperasi (tidak tampak) selama hampir 8 tahun. Pada tahun 2001, pesawat ini kembali dioperasikan dengan menjadi pengangkut berat yang bernomor penerbangan <b>UR-82060</b> (yang sebelumnya СССР-82060) sampai sekarang.</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sebenarnya, pesawat ini akan dibuat dua unit. Namun hanya satu yang selesai dan digunakan (UR-82060), sedangkan yang kedua dijadwalkan rampung pada tahun 2008 lalu ditunda. Sampai Agustus 2009, pesawat kedua tidak rampung juga dan pengerjaannya telah ditinggalkan.</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><table class="infobox" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; color: black; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: left; width: 23em;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 10em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipe</span></b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pesawat Kargo</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Produsen</span></b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonov" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Antonov"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Antonov</span></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Perancang</span></b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Antonov</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Terbang perdana</span></b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/21_Desember" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="21 Desember"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">21 Desember</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1988"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">1988</span></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Status</span></b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Beroperasi</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Pengguna</span></b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antonov_Airlines&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Antonov Airlines (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Antonov Airlines</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> (1)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Tahun produksi</span></b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1988</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Jumlah produksi</span></b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2 (1 digunakan)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Acuan dasar</span></b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonov_An-124" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Antonov An-124"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Antonov An-124</span></span></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQDcFPXOfoI/AAAAAAAAABk/J37eJD2v6lM/s1600/429px-Giant_planes_comparison.svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQDcFPXOfoI/AAAAAAAAABk/J37eJD2v6lM/s320/429px-Giant_planes_comparison.svg.png" width="229" /></a></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.2em; width: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></span></h3><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.2em; width: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Karakteristik umum</span></span></h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kru: 6</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Payload: 250,000 kg (550,000 lb)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dimensi pintu:</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> 440 x 640 cm (14.4 x 21 ft)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Panjang: 84 m (275.6 ft)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lebar sayap: 88.4 m (290 ft 2 in)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tinggi: 18.1 m (59.3 ft)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Area sayap: 905 m<sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">2</span></sup> (9,743.7 ft<sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">2</span></sup>)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Volume kargo:</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Convert/m3&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Templat:Convert/m3 (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Templat:Convert/m3</span></a>)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Berat kosong: 285,000 kg (628,315 lb)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Berat maksimum lepas landas: 600,000 kg (1,323,000 lb)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mesin: 6× <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZMKB_Progress_D-18&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="ZMKB Progress D-18 (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">ZMKB Progress D-18</span></a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbofan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Turbofan"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">turbofans</span></a>, 229.5 kN (51,600 lbf) masing-masing</span><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lari lepas landas:</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> 3,500 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Meter"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">m</span></a> (11.000 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaki_(satuan_panjang)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Kaki (satuan panjang)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">kaki</span></a>) dengan beban maksimum</span></li>
</ul></li>
</ul><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Performa</span></span></h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vno&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Vno (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kecepatan maksimum</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">: 850 km/h (460 knots, 530 mph)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VC_speed&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="VC speed (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kecepatan jelajah</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">: 800 km/h (430 knots, 500 mph)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarak_jangkau" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Jarak jangkau"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Jarak jangkau</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">:</span><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bahan bakar penuh:</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> 15,400 km (9,570 mi)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Beban maksimum:</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> 4,000 km (2.500 mi))</span></li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batas_tertinggi_servis&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Batas tertinggi servis (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Batas tertinggi servis</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">: 11,000 m (36,100 ft)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beban_sayap&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Beban sayap (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Beban sayap</span></span></a></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">: 662.9 kg/m² (135.5 lb/ft²)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rasio_dorongan_banding_berat_ratio&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Rasio dorongan banding berat ratio (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dorongan/berat</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">: 0.234</span></li>
</ul>ALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2444015428987296349.post-65585101102670824112010-12-01T06:54:00.000-08:002010-12-09T05:42:53.717-08:00Sukhoi Su-27<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TPZf6Wfc3WI/AAAAAAAAAAc/ZONPx_-FWVA/s1600/su-27-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="174" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TPZf6Wfc3WI/AAAAAAAAAAc/ZONPx_-FWVA/s320/su-27-2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><b>Sukhoi Su-27</b> (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kode_NATO" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Kode NATO"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">kode NATO</span></a>: <b>Flanker</b>) adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_tempur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat tempur"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">pesawat tempur</span></a> yang awalnya diproduksi oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Soviet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Uni Soviet"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Uni Soviet</span></a>, dan dirancang oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhoi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Sukhoi"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Biro Desain Sukhoi</span></a>. Pesawat ini direncanakan untuk menjadi saingan utama generasi baru pesawat tempur <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Amerika Serikat"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Amerika Serikat</span></a> (yaitu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-14_Tomcat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="F-14 Tomcat"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">F-14 Tomcat</span></a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-15_Eagle" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="F-15 Eagle"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">F-15 Eagle</span></a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-16_Fighting_Falcon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="F-16 Fighting Falcon"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">F-16 Fighting Falcon</span></a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/F/A-18_Hornet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="F/A-18 Hornet"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">F/A-18 Hornet</span></a>). Su-27 memiliki jarak jangkau yang jauh, persenjataan yang berat, dan kelincahan yang tinggi. Pesawat ini sering disebut sebagai hasil persaingan antara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhoi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Sukhoi"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Sukhoi</span></a> dengan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Mikoyan-Gurevich</span></a>, karena Su-27 dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiG-29" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="MiG-29"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">MiG-29</span></a> berbentuk mirip. Ini adalah keliru, karena Su-27 dirancang sebagai <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pesawat_interseptor&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat interseptor (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">pesawat interseptor</span></a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_tempur_superioritas_udara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat tempur superioritas udara"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">pesawat tempur superioritas udara</span></a> jarak jauh, sedangkan MiG-29 dirancang untuk mengisi peran pesawat tempur pendukung jarak dekat.</span><br />
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<table class="infobox" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; color: black; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: left; width: 23em;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 10em;"><b>ipe</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Pesawat tempur superioritas udara (Su-27 Flanker-B)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Produsen</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhoi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sukhoi">Sukhoi</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Terbang perdana</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/20_Mei" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="20 Mei">20 Mei</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1977">1977</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Diperkenalkan</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desember" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Desember">Desember</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1984">1984</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Status</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">aktif</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Pengguna</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rusia">Rusia</a><br />
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljazair" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Aljazair">Aljazair</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angola" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Angola">Angola</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Belarusia">Belarusia</a>,<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Cina">Cina</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="India">India</a>,<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>,<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraina" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>,<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Jumlah produksi</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">680</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Harga satuan</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">US$35 juta</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Varian</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-30" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sukhoi Su-30">Su-30</a><br />
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-33" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sukhoi Su-33">Su-33</a><br />
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-34" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sukhoi Su-34">Su-34</a><br />
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-35" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sukhoi Su-35">Su-35</a><br />
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-37" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sukhoi Su-37">Su-37</a><br />
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang_J-11" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Shenyang J-11">J-11</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1969">1969</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Soviet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a> mendapatkan informasi bahwa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Udara_Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat">Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat</a> telah memilih <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a> untuk memproduksi rancangan pesawat tempur eksperimental (yang akan berevolusi menjadi <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-15" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="F-15">F-15</a>). Untuk menghadapi ancaman masa depan ini, Uni Soviet memulai program PFI (<i>Perspektivnyi Frontovoy Istrebitel</i>, "pesawat tempur taktis mutakhir") yang direncanakan menghasilkan pesawat yang bisa menyaingi hasil rancangan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Namun, spesifikasi yang dibutuhkan untuk memenuhi syarat-syarat program ini pada satu pesawat saja ternyata terlalu rumit dan mahal. Maka program ini dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu TPFI (<i>Tyazholyi Perspektivnyi Frontovoi Istrebitel</i>, "pesawat tempur taktis mutakhir berat") and the LPFI (<i>Legkiy Perspektivnyi Frontovoi Istrebitel</i>, "pesawat tempur taktis mutakhir ringan"). Langkah ini juga mirip apa yang dilakukan Amerika Serikat, dimana Amerika Serikat memulai program "<i>Lightweight Fighter</i>" yang nantinya akan menghasilkan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-16" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="F-16">F-16</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhoi_OKB" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sukhoi OKB">Sukhoi OKB</a> diberikan program TPFI.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Rancangan Sukhoi pertama kali muncul sebagai <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pesawat_sayap_delta&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat sayap delta (halaman belum tersedia)">pesawat sayap delta</a> <b>T-10</b>, yang pertama terbang pada tanggal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/20_Mei" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="20 Mei">20 Mei</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1977">1977</a>. T-10 terlihat oleh pengamat Barat, dan diberikan kode <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="NATO">NATO</a> <b>Flanker-A</b>. Perkembangan T-10 menemui banyak masalah, yang berakibat pada kehancuran ketika salah satu pesawat ini jatuh pada tanggal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_Mei" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="7 Mei">7 Mei</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1978">1978</a>. Kejadian ini kemudian ditindaklanjuti dengan banyak modifikasi perancangan, yang menghasilkan <b>T-10S</b>, yang terbang pertama kali pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/20_April" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="20 April">20 April</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1981">1981</a>. Pesawat ini juga menemui kesulitan, dan jatuh pada tanggal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/23_Desember" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="23 Desember">23 Desember</a><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1981">1981</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Versi produksi pesawat ini (<b>Su-27</b> atau <b>Su-27S</b>, dengan kode NATO <b>Flanker-B</b>) mulai dipakai <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Udara_Soviet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Angkatan Udara Soviet">Angkatan Udara Soviet</a> pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1984">1984</a>, tetapi baru dipakai menyeluruh tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1986">1986</a>, karena sempat terhambat oleh masalah produksi. Pesawat ini dipakai oleh <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pertahanan_Anti_Udara_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Pertahanan Anti Udara Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertahanan Anti Udara Soviet</a>(Voyska PVO) dan Angkatan Udara Soviet (VVS). Pemakaiannya di V-PVO adalah sebagai interseptor, menggantikan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-15" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sukhoi Su-15">Sukhoi Su-15</a> and<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-28&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Tupolev Tu-28 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tupolev Tu-28</a>. Dan pemakaiannya di VVS lebih difokuskan kepada interdiksi udara, dengan tugas menyerang <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pesawat_bahan_bakar&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat bahan bakar (halaman belum tersedia)">pesawat bahan bakar</a> dan<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AWACS&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="AWACS (halaman belum tersedia)">AWACS</a>, yang dianggap sebagai aset penting angkatan udara NATO.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Desain aerodinamisasi dasar dari Su-27 mirip dengan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiG-29" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="MiG-29">MiG-29</a> hanya lebih besar. Pesawat ini sangat besar sehingga untuk meringankan beratnya material titanium banyak digunakan (sekitar 30%). tidak ada material komposit yang digunakan. Sayap yang sayung kebelakang menyatu dengan badan pesawat pada perpanjangan leading edge dan pada dasarnya sayap berbentuk delta, hanya bagian ujung luar saja yang dipotong untuk tempat rel rudal diujung sayap. Su-27 bukanlah sebuah pesawat delta murni karena masih mempertahankan bentuk ekor konvensional, dengan menggunakan 2 sirip ekor vertikal di sisi luar kedua mesinnya, dan dibantu dengan 2 ekor tengah melipat kebawah untuk membantu stabilitas lateral.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Mesin turbofan Lyulka AL-31F disediakan tempat yang sangat lebar, tempat yang lebar ini disediakan untuk alasan keamanan dan untuk menjamin aliran udara yang tidak terputus pada bukaan udara masuk. Ruangan yang tercipta diantara dua buah mesin juga menyediakan daya angkat tambahan sehingga mengurangi beban sayap. Saluran penuntun yang bisa digerakan pada bukaan udara masuk memungkinkan pesawat mencapai kecepatan Mach 2+ , dan membantu menjaga aliran udara mesin pada saat sudut alpha tinggi.Sebuah layar penyaring ditempatkan pada bukaan udara masuk untuk melindungi mesin dari kotoran saat lepas landas.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Su-27 adalah pesawat operasional pertama Uni Soviet yang menggunakan sistem kontrol penerbangan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly_by_wire" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Fly by wire">fly by wire</a> , dikembangkan berdasarkan pengalaman Sukhoi OKB pada proyek Pengebom Sukhoi T-4. Sistem ini dikombinasi dengan beban saya yang relatif rendah dan kontrol penerbangan dasar yang kuat , maka menghasilkan pesawat yang luar biasa lincah, tetap mudah dikontrol walaupun pada kecepatan sanagat rendah dan susut serang tinggi. Pada pameran dirgantara , pesawat ini mampu mendemonstrasikan kemampuan manuvernya dengan aksi "patukan kobra" (kobra Pugachev) atau pengereman dinamis - mempertahankan level penerbangan pada sudut serang 120°. Pengarah semburan jet juga sudah di uji coba dan sudah diterapkan pada model-model akhir yaitu Su-30MKI dan Su-37, memungkinkan pesawat untuk berbalik tajam dengan radius putar hampir nol, menggunakan teknik somersault vertikal ke gerakan pelurusan kembali dan mengambang terbatas dengan hidung pesawat menghadap keatas.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Versi laut dari Flanker (lebih dikenal dengan nama Su-33), menggunakan kanard untuk daya angkat tambahan, mengurangi jarak lepas landas (sangat penting untuk kapal yang beroperasi dari kapal induk tanpa sistem ketapel , Admiral Kuznetsov ). Kanard ini juga digunakan pada beberapa Su-30, Su-35, dan Su-37.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Sebagai tambahan pada kelincahannya , Su-27 menggunakan volume internalnya yang besar untuk menyimpan bahan bakar dalam jumlah besar pula. Pada konfigurasi berlebih untuk jarak tempuh maksimum, pesawat ini mampu membawa 9.400 kg bahan bakar internal, bagaimanapun juga dengan beban seperti itu kemampuan manuvernya menjadi terbatas, dan beban normal adalah 5.270 kg.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Su-27 dipersenjatai dengan sebuah kanon Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-30-1 kaliber 30 mm di pangkal sayapnya, dan mempunyai 10 cantelan senjata untuk tempat rudal dan senjata lainya. Standar persenjataan rudal untuk pertempuran udara ke udara adalah campuran dari rudal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vympel_R-73" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Vympel R-73">Vympel R-73</a> (AA-11 Archer) dan rudal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vympel_R-27" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Vympel R-27">Vympel R-27</a> (AA-10 'Alamo') , Senjata terakhir mempunyai versi jarak tempuh yang diperjauh dan model kendali infra merah. Varian Flanker yang lebih canggih seperti Su-30, Su-35, dan Su-37 juga bisa membawa rudal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vympel_R-77" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Vympel R-77">Vympel R-77</a> (AA-12 Adder).</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Su-27 mempunyai sebuah <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Display_kepala_tegak&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Display kepala tegak (halaman belum tersedia)">display kepala tegak</a> berkontras tinggi yang bisa disetel dan incaran yang dipasang di helm , dimana , bila dipasangkan dengan rudal R-73 dan kelincahan pesawat yang sangat tinggi membuat pesawat ini menjadi salah satu pesawat terbaik untuk pertempuran udara jarak dekat.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Radar Su-27 terbukti menjadi masalah besar dalam pengembangan Su-27. Permintaan awal dari Uni soviet adalah sangat ambisius , mengharapkan kemapuan untuk menyergap multi target dan jarak pantau 200km terhadap pesawat seukuran pengebom (RCS 16 meter persegi untuk sebuah <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tu-16&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Tu-16 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-16</a>). Hal ini akan melampaui kemampuan deteksi radar APG-63 dari F-15 (sekitar 180km untuk target ber-RCS 100 meter persegi) dan kemampuan radar Su-27 ini kira-kira setara dengan Zaslon phased array radar seberat 1 ton yang digunakan di pesawat <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiG-31" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="MiG-31">MiG-31</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQDczYWqlzI/AAAAAAAAABs/OjiZU6wNR2Q/s1600/800px-Su-27_low_pass.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQDczYWqlzI/AAAAAAAAABs/OjiZU6wNR2Q/s320/800px-Su-27_low_pass.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
Walaupun Su-27 dianggap memiliki kelincahan yang mengagumkan, pesawat ini belum banyak dipakai pada petempuran yang sebenarnya. Pemakaian pesawat ini yang patut disebut adalah pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Ethiopia-Eritrea" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Perang Ethiopia-Eritrea">Perang Ethiopia-Eritrea</a>, dimana pesawat-pesawat Sukhoi Su-27A <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> dipakai untuk melindungi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_pengebom" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat pengebom">pesawat pengebom</a> <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mig-21&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Mig-21 (halaman belum tersedia)">Mig-21</a> dan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mig-23&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Mig-23 (halaman belum tersedia)">Mig-23</a>. Pada perang itu, pesawat-pesawat Su-27 tersebut berhasil menghancurkan empat <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mig-29&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Mig-29 (halaman belum tersedia)">Mig-29</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Salah satu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pilot">pilot</a> yang berhasil menembak jatuh lawan adalah <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aster_Tolossa&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Aster Tolossa (halaman belum tersedia)">Aster Tolossa</a>, yang menjadi wanita <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> pertama yang memenangi sebuah pertempuran udara.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Sekitar 680 Su-27 diproduksi oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Soviet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a>, dan 400 dipakai oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>. Negara mantan Soviet yang memiliki pesawat ini adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraina" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a> dengan 60 pesawat, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Belarusia">Belarusia</a> dengan sekitar 25 pesawat, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kazakstan">Kazakstan</a>dengan sekitar 30 dan sudah memesan 12 pesawat lagi, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> dengan 25 buah.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a> menerima 26 pesawat pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1991">1991</a>, dan 22 lagi pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1995">1995</a>. Kemudian pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1998">1998</a>mereka menandatangani kontrak untuk lisensi produksi 200 pesawat ini dengan nama <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang_J-11" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Shenyang J-11">Shenyang J-11</a>.<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> memiliki 12 Su-27SK dan telah memesan 24 lagi. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> memiliki 8 Su-27A dan 2 Su-27U.<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> mempunyai 2 Su-27SK and 2 Su-30MK serta telah memesan 3 SU-27SKM dan 3 SU-30MK2. Dan Angola telah menerima sekitar 8 Su-27/27UB. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meksiko" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Meksiko">Meksiko</a> berencana untuk membeli 8 Su-27s dan 2 pesawat latihan Su-27UB.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su-27#cite_note-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a> juga disinyalir memiliki satu Su-27 Flanker B dan satu Su-27 UB. Tiga pesawat ini masuk sebagai registrasi sipil, dan salah satunya tiba di Amerika Serikat menggunakan pesawat <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antonov-62&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Antonov-62 (halaman belum tersedia)">Antonov-62</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Indonesia (<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNI-AU" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="TNI-AU">TNI-AU</a>) mulai menggunakan keluarga Sukhoi-27 pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2003">2003</a> setelah batalnya kontrak pembelian 12 unit Su-30KI pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1996">1996</a>. Kontrak tahun 2003 mencakup pembelian 2 unit Sukhoi-27SK dan 2 unit Sukhoi-30MK senilai 192 juta dolar AS tanpa paket senjata. Empat tahun kemudian pada acara<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MAKS&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="MAKS (halaman belum tersedia)">MAKS</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2007">2007</a> di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Moskow">Moskow</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departemen_Pertahanan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Departemen Pertahanan">Departemen Pertahanan</a> mengumumkan kontrak unruk pembelian 3 unit Sukhoi-27SKM dan 3 unit Sukhoi-30MK2 senilai 350 juta<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar_AS" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dolar AS">dolar AS</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su-27#cite_note-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[2</a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQDcjOyGJVI/AAAAAAAAABo/QlhU0FOxXXY/s1600/SUKHOI_Su-27_FLANKER.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="187" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQDcjOyGJVI/AAAAAAAAABo/QlhU0FOxXXY/s320/SUKHOI_Su-27_FLANKER.png" width="320" /></a></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.2em; width: auto;"><br />
</h3><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.2em; width: auto;">Karakteristik umum</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Kru: Satu</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Panjang: 21,9 m (72 ft)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Lebar sayap: 14,7 m (48 ft 3 in)</li>
</ul><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Leading edge sweep:</b> 42°)</li>
</ul><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Tinggi: 5,93 m (19 ft 6 in)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Area sayap: 62 m² (667 ft²)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Berat kosong: 16.380 kg (36.100 lb)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Berat terisi: 23.000 kg (50.690 lb)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Berat maksimum lepas landas: 33.000 kg (62.400 lb)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Mesin: 2× <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AL-31&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="AL-31 (halaman belum tersedia)">Lyulka AL-31F</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbofan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Turbofan">turbofan</a>, 122,8 kN (27.600 lbf) masing-masing</li>
</ul><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">Performa</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vno&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Vno (halaman belum tersedia)">Kecepatan maksimum</a>: 2.500 km/jam (1.550 mph Mach 2.35)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarak_jangkau" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jarak jangkau">Jarak jangkau</a>: 1.340 km pada ketinggian air laut, 3.530 km pada ketinggian tinggi (800 mi pada ketinggian air laut, 2070 mi pada ketinggian tinggi)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batas_tertinggi_servis&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Batas tertinggi servis (halaman belum tersedia)">Batas tertinggi servis</a>: 18.500 m (60.700 ft)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laju_panjat&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Laju panjat (halaman belum tersedia)">Laju panjat</a>: 325 m/s (64.000 ft/min)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beban_sayap&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Beban sayap (halaman belum tersedia)">Beban sayap</a></i>: 371 kg/m² (76 lb/ft&sup2')</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rasio_dorongan_banding_berat_ratio&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Rasio dorongan banding berat ratio (halaman belum tersedia)">Dorongan/berat</a>: 1,085</li>
</ul><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">Persenjataan</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">1 x meriam <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gryazev-Shipunov_GSh-30-1&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-30-1 (halaman belum tersedia)">GSh-30-1</a> 30 mm, 150 butir peluru</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">8.000 kg (17.600 lb) pada 10 titik eksternal<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">6 <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R-27&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="R-27 (halaman belum tersedia)">R-27</a>, 4 <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-73" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="R-73">R-73</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Su-27SM dapat menggunakan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R-77&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="R-77 (halaman belum tersedia)">R-77</a> menggantikan R-27</li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Su-27IB dapat menggunakan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peluru_kendali_anti-radiasi&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Peluru kendali anti-radiasi (halaman belum tersedia)">peluru kendali anti-radiasi</a> <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=X-31&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="X-31 (halaman belum tersedia)">X-31</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peluru_kendali_udara_ke_darat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Peluru kendali udara ke darat">peluru kendali udara ke darat</a> <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=X-29L/T&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="X-29L/T (halaman belum tersedia)">X-29L/T</a>, serta bom <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=KAB-150&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="KAB-150 (halaman belum tersedia)">KAB-150</a> dan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UAB-500&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="UAB-500 (halaman belum tersedia)">UAB-500</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AA-11_Archer&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="AA-11 Archer (halaman belum tersedia)">AA-11 Archer</a> / <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-73" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="R-73">R-73</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AA-10A&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="AA-10A (halaman belum tersedia)">AA-10A</a>/B/C/D/E <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alamo-A&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Alamo-A (halaman belum tersedia)">Alamo-A</a>/B/C/D/E / <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R-27R&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="R-27R (halaman belum tersedia)">R-27R</a>/T/RE/TE/AE</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AS-16&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="AS-16 (halaman belum tersedia)">AS-16</a> Kickback <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRAM" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="SRAM">SRAM</a>/ <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kh-15&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Kh-15 (halaman belum tersedia)">Kh-15</a>/C</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_bombs&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Air bombs (halaman belum tersedia)">Air bombs</a></li>
</ul><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=KAB-500Kr&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="KAB-500Kr (halaman belum tersedia)">KAB-500Kr</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=KAB-1500Kr&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="KAB-1500Kr (halaman belum tersedia)">KAB-1500Kr</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=KAB-1500L&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="KAB-1500L (halaman belum tersedia)">KAB-1500L</a> / 1500F / 1500L-PR</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=KAB-500R&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="KAB-500R (halaman belum tersedia)">KAB-500R</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=KAB-500KRU&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="KAB-500KRU (halaman belum tersedia)">KAB-500KRU</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ODAB-500&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="ODAB-500 (halaman belum tersedia)">ODAB-500</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OEPS-27&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="OEPS-27 (halaman belum tersedia)">OEPS-27</a> Optronic sighting system for SU-27SK</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AS-11&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="AS-11 (halaman belum tersedia)">AS-11</a> Kilter / <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kh-58&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Kh-58 (halaman belum tersedia)">Kh-58</a>E</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZHUK&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="ZHUK (halaman belum tersedia)">ZHUK</a> FAMILY AIRBORNE RADARS</li>
</ul><br />
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><br />
</div>ALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2444015428987296349.post-89373133358581119802010-12-01T06:38:00.000-08:002010-12-09T05:36:40.244-08:00Mikoyan MiG-29<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TPZdBoYILzI/AAAAAAAAAAY/lYu4dHVkpFs/s1600/MIG-29_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br />
<img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TPZdBoYILzI/AAAAAAAAAAY/lYu4dHVkpFs/s320/MIG-29_.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">MiG-29 adalah pesawat yang dibuat oleh biro <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mikoyan-Gurovich&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Mikoyan-Gurovich (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Mikoyan-Gurovich</span></a> (MiG) <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Rusia"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Rusia</span></a>,dirancang untuk mengganti pesawat <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiG-21" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="MiG-21"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">MiG-21</span></a>, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MiG-23&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="MiG-23 (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">MiG-23</span></a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su-15" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Su-15"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Su-15</span></a> and<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Su-17&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Su-17 (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Su-17</span></a>. Dimana kemampuannya sama dengan pesawat tempur <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Amerika Serikat"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Amerika Serikat</span></a> <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F-18_Hornet&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="F-18 Hornet (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">F-18 Hornet</span></a>. MiG-29 menggabungkan sebanyak mungkin antara ukuran besar dan dalamnya (larger and deeper) leading-edge root extensions (LERXs) yang memungkinkan manuver dengan sudut serang yang tinggi. Pada ujung sayap (leading edge) terdapat kisi-kisi tambahan untuk lubang masuk udara dimana berguna ketika lubang masuk udara (inlet) tertutup ketika di darat dan terbuka ketika take off (mengudara). Teknik ini berguna untuk menghindari kotoran dan debu masuk ke dalam mesin ketika berada di taxi way menjelang lepas landas atau mendarat, yang dapat merusakkannya.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQDbXGv-vvI/AAAAAAAAABg/_dIhAFr1f9o/s1600/800px-HuAF_MIG29UB.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="235" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQDbXGv-vvI/AAAAAAAAABg/_dIhAFr1f9o/s320/800px-HuAF_MIG29UB.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
Hidung pesawat yang berukuran cukup besar dimaksudkan untuk menempatkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Radar"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">radar</span></a> yang berdaya jangkau tinggi serta berkemampuan lihat-tembak-bawah (look-shoot-down), penuntun laser dan perlatan sensor <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inframerah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Inframerah"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">inframerah</span></a> serta memnempatkan helmet-mounted target-designation system. Sekalipun tidak dilengkapi dengan sistem kontrol fly-by-wire sebagaimana F-16 misalnya, MiG-29 Fulcrum memiliki kemampuan untuk menghadapi pesawat pesawat tempur buatan barat.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pesawat MiG-29 S adalah hasil upgrade (penambahan kemampuan) dengan sistem <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avionik" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Avionik"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">avionik</span></a>, penambahan ukuran fuselage (badan pesawat) yang memungkinkan memiliki kapasitas bahan bakar yang lebih banyak. Salah satu varian lanjut adlah MiG-29 M yang dilengkapi dengan kontrol fly by wire dan dilengkapi dengan HUD (head up display) dan peralatan kokpit pesawat secara digital (glass cockpit). Pada model ini, peralatan pintu tambahan pada lubang masuk udara (air intake) dibuang karena dianggap membebani seperti pada model model terdahulu</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Angkatan laut <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Soviet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Uni Soviet"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Uni Soviet</span></a> menggunakan pesawat jenis ini yang dipasang pada kapal induk kelas <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Admiral_Kuznetsov&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Admiral Kuznetsov (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Admiral Kuznetsov</span></a> dengan tipe MiG 29 K. Selain tipe Sukhoi SU-33.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><table class="infobox" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; color: black; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: left; width: 23em;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 10em;"><b>Tipe</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Pesawat tempur multi-peran</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Produsen</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikoyan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Mikoyan"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Mikoyan</span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Terbang perdana</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/6_Oktober" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="6 Oktober"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">6 Oktober</span></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1977"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">1977</span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Diperkenalkan</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agustus" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Agustus"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Agustus</span></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1983"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">1983</span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Status</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Aktif</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Pengguna</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Rusia"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Rusia</span></a><br />
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraina" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Ukraina"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Ukraina</span></a><br />
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljazair" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Aljazair"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Aljazair</span></a><br />
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="India"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">India</span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Tahun produksi</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">1984-</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Varian</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mikoyan_MiG-33&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Mikoyan MiG-33 (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">MiG-33</span></a><br />
<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mikoyan_MiG-35&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Mikoyan MiG-35 (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">MiG-35</span></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data">Data-data</span></h2><div><span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data"></span><br />
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data">Terbang Pertama kali</span></li>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data"> </span></ul><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data">MiG-29 : <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/6_Oktober" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="6 Oktober">6 Oktober</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1977">1977</a></span></li>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MiG-29M : <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1989">1989</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MiG-29UBT : <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/8_Oktober" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="8 Oktober">8 Oktober</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1998">1998</a></li>
</span></ol><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data">Masuk Operasional : <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1983">1983</a></span></li>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i>Crew</i> : 1 orang pilot</li>
</span></ul><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data"><i>AIRFOIL SECTIONS</i>:</span></li>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data"> </span></ul><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data"><i>Wing Root</i> : unknown (tidak diketahui)</span></li>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i>Wing Tip</i> : unknown (tidak diketahui)</li>
</span></ol><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data"><i>DIMENSIONS</i> (ukuran) :</span></li>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data"> </span></ul><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data">Panjang {<i>Length</i>) : 56.83 ft (<i>feet</i>) (17.32 m)</span></li>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Rentang Sayap (<i>Wingspan</i>) : 37.29 ft (11.36 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Tinggi (<i>Height</i>) (Sampai ujung sirip tegak stabilizer) : 15.54 ft (4.73 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Luas Permukaan Sayap (<i>Wing Area</i>) : 408 ft2 (38.0 m2)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Luas Permukaan Canard (<i>Canard Area</i>) : -</li>
</span></ol><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data">Bobot :</span></li>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data"> </span></ul><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data">Kosong (<i>Empty</i>) : 24,030 lb (10,900 kg) (1 pounds (lbs) = 0.45359237 kilogram )</span></li>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i>Typical Load</i> : 33,600 lb (15,240 kg)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i>Max Takeoff</i> : 40,785 lb (18,500 kg)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Kapasitas bahan bakar (<i>Fuel Capacity</i>} : -</li>
</span></ol><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data"><i>Max Payload</i> : 6,614 lb (3,000 kg)</span></li>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Propulsi :</li>
</span></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQDa84wPDkI/AAAAAAAAABc/u5RCcx4H6p4/s1600/MiG-29_FULCRUM_%2528MIKOYAN-GUREVICH%2529.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQDa84wPDkI/AAAAAAAAABc/u5RCcx4H6p4/s320/MiG-29_FULCRUM_%2528MIKOYAN-GUREVICH%2529.png" width="320" /></a></div><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data">Mesin (MiG-29A) : dua Klimov/ Sarkisov RD-33 turbofan dengan afterburner dengan daya dorong (RD-33): 36,600 lb (162.8 kN)</span></li>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">(MiG-29M): dua Klimov/ Sarkisov RD-33K turbofan dengan afterburner dengan daya dorong (RD-33K): 41,450 lb (184.44 kN)</li>
</span></ol><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data"><b>PERFORMANCE:</b></span></li>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data"> </span></ul><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data">Max Level Speed :</span></li>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data"> </span></ul><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data">at altitude: 1,520 mph (2,445 km/h) at 36,090 ft (11,000 m), Mach 2.3</span></li>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">at sea level: 805 mph (1,200 km/h), Mach 1.06</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Initial Climb Rate : 65,000 ft (19,800 m) / min</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Service Ceiling : 60,700 ft (18,500 m)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Range typical (jarak tempuh) : 810 nm (1,500 km) 340 nm (630 km) with max payload ferry: 1,570 nm (2,900 km)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">g-Limits : -</li>
</span></ol><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data">Persenjataan :</span></li>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data"> </span></ul><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data">Gun (Senapan mesin) : satu unit 30-mm GSh-301 cannon (150 rounds)</span></li>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Stations (Cantelan senjata /pod) :6 atau 7 <i>hardpoints</i>, pada MiG29K 9 <i>external hardpoints</i>, pada MiG-29M 8 <i>external hardpoints</i></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Air-to-Air Missile (rudal udara ke udara) : R-60/AA-8 Aphid, R-27/AA- 10 Alamo, R-73/AA-11 Archer, AA-12.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Air-to-Surface Missile (rudal udara ke darat) : AS-12, AS-14, AS-17</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Bom : <i>free-fall</i>, berpenuntun (guided bombs), <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cluster_bomb&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none;" title="Cluster bomb (halaman belum tersedia)">cluster bombs</a> (bom tebar)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Lainnya : rocket pods (peluncur roket), ECM, munitions dispensers.</li>
</span></ol><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data">VARIANT :</span></li>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data"> </span></ul><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data">9-01 : Protoipe (Pre-production model}</span></li>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Data-data">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MiG-29 'Fulcrum-A', Generasi pertama termasuk beberapa model model berbeda dengan variasi roda depan (roda hidung) <i>nose gear</i>, fin (sirip tegak) , dan <i>rudder arrangements</i>.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MiG-29UB 'Fulcrum-B' Versi Latih, dua awak</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MiG-29S 'Fulcrum-C' Pengembangan versi <i>single-seat</i> dengan badan pesawat diperbesar, avionics baru, dan kapasitas bahan bakar yang diperbesar.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MiG-29KVP, prototipe MiG-29K yang digunakan untuk <i>test catapult take off and arrestor gear systems</i> untuk pendaratan di kapal induk, serta untuk versi latih dari MiG-29K</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MiG-29K 'Fulcrum-D' Versi Kapal induk</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MiG-29B Versi Latih, details tidak diketahui</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MiG-29UBT strike model Two-seat didesain untuk operasi khusus</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MiG-29SaE MiG-29SEh Versi Ekpor MiG-29S</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MiG-29SM pengembangan MiG-29SaE dengan kemampuan pengisian bahan bakar di udara (air refuelling), daya angkut yang diperbesar dan berkemampuan untuk membawa versi baru dari AAM (anti aircraft missiles)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MiG-29SMT pengembangan Versi Ekspor dari MiG-29SM, dengan peningkatan kokpit, avionik dan memperbesar jarak jangkau. Dikabarkan mampu membawa rudal berkekuatan tinggi SS-N-22 Sunburn</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MiG-29SMT-2 Peningkatan kemampuan dari MiG-29SMT, detail tidak diketahui.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MiG-29M <i>Improved Fulcrum</i>, penambahan kemampuan dengan kontrol <i>fly-by-wire</i>, mesin yang dimodifikasi serta perubahan pada sayap dan ekor, kanopi dan berkemampuan untuk mabawa peluru berpenuntun <i>guided-munitions</i></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MiG-29MaE atau MiG-29MEh versi ekspor MiG-29M</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MiG-29 'Fulcrum-Plus', varian MiG-29 dengan kemampuan <i>thrust vectoring nozzles</i></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MiG-29N Versi Ekspor untuk Malaysia</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MiG-33 Rancangan asli MiG-29M</li>
</span></ol></div>ALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2444015428987296349.post-38940987419342851832010-12-01T06:32:00.000-08:002010-12-26T23:41:34.685-08:00Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TPZb6g_GlCI/AAAAAAAAAAU/ktyMw8LrkvE/s1600/mig21_02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="198" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TPZb6g_GlCI/AAAAAAAAAAU/ktyMw8LrkvE/s320/mig21_02.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><b>MiG-21F Fishbed</b> adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_tempur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Pesawat tempur"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">pesawat tempur</span></a> sergap berjarak pendek dan merupakan pesawat produksi generasi pertama dari seri <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiG-21" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="MiG-21"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">MiG-21</span></a> yang populer. Prototipe dari pesawat ini, E-5 (dibaca <i>Ye-5</i>) terbang pertama kali pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1955" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1955"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">1955</span></a> dan muncul kehadapan publik pada saat Hari penerbangan Soviet di Lapangan Udara Tushino, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskwa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Moskwa"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Moskwa</span></a> pada bulan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juni" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Juni"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Juni</span></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1956"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">1956</span></a>. Pada saat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Vietnam" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Perang Vietnam"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">perang Vietnam</span></a>, pesawat ini digunakan untuk menyerang armada pesawat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Amerika Serikat"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Amerika Serikat</span></a>, juga digunakan pada perang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangsa_Arab" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Bangsa Arab"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Arab</span></a>-<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Israel"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Israel</span></a>, diantaranya <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Enam_Hari" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Perang Enam Hari"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Perang Enam Hari</span></a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Yom_Kippur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Perang Yom Kippur"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Perang Yom Kippur</span></a>,<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_India-Pakistan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Perang India-Pakistan"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">perang India-Pakistan</span></a>, krisis <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Yaman"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Yaman</span></a> dan berbagai peperangan di berbagai belahan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunia_ketiga" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Dunia ketiga"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">dunia ketiga</span></a>, sehingga pantas dijiluki <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-47" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="AK-47"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">AK-47</span></a> di udara</i>, ataupun <i>kerikil tajam dari timur</i> karena awalnya pihak barat khususnya Amerika Serikat menganggap remeh pesawat ini. Lebih dari 30 negara di dunia termasuk sekutu Amerika Serikat menggunakan pesawat ini. Sedikitnya terdapat 15 versi dari MiG 21 yang telah diproduksi, beberapa diproduksi di luar <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Soviet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Uni Soviet"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Uni Soviet</span></a>. Kurang lebih terdapat 8000 pesawat ini telah diproduksi.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<table class="infobox" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: left; width: 23em;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 10em;"><b>Tipe</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Pesawat tempur</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Produsen</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikoyan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Mikoyan"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Mikoyan-Gurevich OKB</span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Terbang perdana</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/14_Juni" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="14 Juni"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">14 Juni</span></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1956"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">1956</span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Diperkenalkan</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1959"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">1959</span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Status</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Operasional</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Pengguna</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Soviet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Uni Soviet"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Uni Soviet</span></a><br />
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="India"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">India</span></a><br />
<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Romania"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Romania</span></a><br />
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Vietnam"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Vietnam</span></a><br />
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Indonesia"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Indonesia</span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Jumlah produksi</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Lebih dari 11.000<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiG-21#cite_note-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><b> Varian</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mikoyan_Ye-150&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Mikoyan Ye-150 (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Ye-150</span></a><br />
<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mikoyan_Ye-150&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Mikoyan Ye-150 (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Ye-152</span></a><br />
<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chengdu_J-7&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Chengdu J-7 (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Chengdu J-7</span></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Soviet memberikan lisensi untuk memproduksi MiG-21 dan mesinnya kepada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Tiongkok"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Tiongkok</span></a> pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1961"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">1961</span></a>, dan produksi pertama kalinya J-7 (Jianjiji-7 Fighter aircraft 7) menggunakan komponen buatan Tiongkok dimulai awal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1964"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">1964</span></a>. dan penerbangan pertamanya, pesawat yang dirakit di<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Shenyang"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Shenyang</span></a> pada tanggal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/17_Januari" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="17 Januari"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">17 Januari</span></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1966"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">1966</span></a>, dan produksi dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chengdu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Chengdu"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Chengdu</span></a>, J-7-I dimulai pada bulan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juni" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Juni"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Juni</span></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1967"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">1967</span></a>. Berikutnya modifikasi termasuk pengembangan dari J-7-II / J-7B yang dimulai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1975"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">1975</span></a> di mana produksinya diakui pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/September" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="September"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">September</span></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1979"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">1979</span></a>. Pengembangan dari F-7M dan J-7 III dimulai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1981"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">1981</span></a>. J-7 III adalah pesawat tempur buatan Tiongkok yang menyamai MiG-21MF. terutama merancang ulang dari J-7 II, penerbangan pertama J-7 III pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/26_April" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="26 April"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">26 April</span></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1984"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">1984</span></a>. yang merupakan produksi bersama antara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chengdu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Chengdu"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Chengdu</span></a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guizhou" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Guizhou"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Guizhou</span></a> (GAIC), Pesawat J-7 III masuk dinas Angkatan Udara Tiongkok (PLA Air Force) dan Angkatan Laut <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1992"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">1992</span></a>, dengan produksi berlanjut.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQDaULrx9oI/AAAAAAAAABU/kMmpifRUBkk/s1600/450px-MiG-21_cockpit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQDaULrx9oI/AAAAAAAAABU/kMmpifRUBkk/s320/450px-MiG-21_cockpit.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><br />
Produksi yang lain adalah pesawat tipe F-7M Airguard yang produksinya dimulai pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desember" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Desember"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Desember</span></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1984"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">1984</span></a>. Pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1988"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">1988</span></a> Tiongkok mengirimkan perdana 20 unit dari 60 F-7M Skybolts ke <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Pakistan"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Pakistan</span></a>. Sebagai upaya peningkatan kemampuan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Karachi"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Karachi</span></a> menginginkan agar diatas kemampuan Grumman Sabre II, atau F-7P. Produksi dari "Super 7" terhenti karena Amerika Serikat menarik dukungan dan bantuan tekniknya akibat<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peristiwa_Tienanmen&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Peristiwa Tienanmen (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">peristiwa Tienanmen</span></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1989"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">1989</span></a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pesawat tersebut menggunakan sayap delta. Dengan satu buah mesin turbojet didalam badan pesawat. Dengan lubang masuk udara (<i>small round air intake</i>) pada hidung pesawat dan memiliki pembuangan udara (<i>exhaust</i>) tunggal. Badan pesawat panjang dengan hidung yang tumpul dan kanopi menggembung (<i>bubble canopy</i>). Terdapat sirip pada bagian perut pesawat bagian belakang . Memiliki sirip ekor tegak sayung kebelakang. Pada modifikasi J-7FS ditambahkan radar dengan mengkonfigurasi ulang air intake, yang mana "Super 7" dengan meng- upgrade sepenuhnya bagian depan dari pesawat dengan menambahkan radar pesawar yang berukuran besar dari versi sebelumnya dan menempatkan lubang masuk udapda bagian perus pesawat di mana pada versi sebelumnya perubahan itu tidak dilakukan.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1989"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">1989</span></a> produksi Tiongkok rata-rata setiap bulan adalah rata-rata 14 pesawat aircraft per bulan, terutama untuk ekspor. Pesawat J-7 diproduksi secara besar-besaran oleh Tiongkok, untuk mengganti pesawat <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J-6&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="J-6 (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">J-6</span></a> , versi Tiongkok dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiG-19" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="MiG-19"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">MiG-19</span></a>. Pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1995"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">1995</span></a>, diproyeksikan produksi J-7 akan terus berlanjut sampai dekade berikutnya menambah total produksi mendekati 1000 pesawat pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="2005"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">2005</span></a>, tetapi pada faktanya inventaris PLA Air Force (Tiongkok) berjumlah 500 pesawat, yang kemungkinan produksinya akan berakhir</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pesawat MiG-21 diperoleh Amerika Serikat melalui program <i>Foreign Materiel Acquisition/Exploitation</i> yang ditandai dengan YF-110.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQDakZWC28I/AAAAAAAAABY/2Gu26TfOlV8/s1600/MiG-21_FISHBED_%2528MIKOYAN-GUREVICH%2529.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_IvsMT73yJAU/TQDakZWC28I/AAAAAAAAABY/2Gu26TfOlV8/s320/MiG-21_FISHBED_%2528MIKOYAN-GUREVICH%2529.png" width="320" /></a></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Data_Teknis"><br />
</span></h3><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Data_Teknis">Data Teknis</span></h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">WingSpan (rentang sayap) 23 ft. 6 in.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Length (panjang) 51 ft. 9 in.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Height (tinggi) 15 ft. 9 in.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Weight (berat) 18.080 lbs. max.</li>
</ul><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Mesin:</li>
</ul><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MiG-21 = Tumansky R-11F-300 @ 12,675 lbst w/afterburner</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">J-7 III = Wopen-13 turbofan @ 14,550-lbst</li>
</ol><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Kru penerbang pilot tunggal</li>
</ul><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Kecepatan Maksimum 1.300 mph.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Kecepatan jelajah 550 mph.</li>
</ul><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Jarak tempuh (Range) :</li>
</ul><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MIG-21 = 400 mi range</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MIG-21bis = 600 nm range</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">J-7 = 230 mi / 370 km lo-lo-lo radius</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">J-7B = 375 mi / 600 km radius w/ 2 PL-2 AAM + internal fuel</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">J-7B = 450 mi / 750 km radius w/ 2 PL-2 AAM + drop tanks</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">J-7M = 550 mi / 875 km radius w/ 2 PL-2 AAM + drop tanks</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">J-7 III = 525 mi / 850 km radius hi-hi-hi air superiority w/ 2 AAM + drop tanks</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">J-7 III = 340 mi / 550 km radius lo-lo-hi ground attack w/ 2 bombs + drop tanks</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">J-7 III = 1.350 mi / 2.200 km ferry range</li>
</ol><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Ketinggian Jelajah 14000 meter</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Kapasitas Bahan Bakar internal</li>
</ul><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2277 kg MIG-21pfs</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2364 kg MIG-21bis</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">869 kg J-8</li>
</ol><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">In-Flight Refueling (kapasitas pengisian bahan bakar diudara): -</li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Drop Tank (Tanki bahan bakar cadangan):</div><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MIG-21bis = Drop tank with 391kg of fuel for 51nm range</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MIG-21bis = Drop tank with 631kg of fuel for 80nm range</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MIG-21bis = Drop tank with 391kg of fuel for 50nm range</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">J-7 = 800 l drop tank with 639kg of fuel for 111nm range</li>
</ol><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Take-Off Runway (kecepatan lepas landas)</li>
</ul><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">F-7M = 700-950 m</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">J-7 III = 800 m (2,625 ft) with afterburning</li>
</ol><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Landing Runway (kecepatan mendarat)</li>
</ul><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">F-7M = 600-900 m with brake-chute</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">J-7 III = 550 m with flap blowing, drag-chute and brakes</li>
</ol><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Sensor</li>
</ul><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MIG-21pfs = Spin Scan (R1L) radar, RWR, Balistic bombsight</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MIG-21bis = Jay Bird radar, RWR, Balistic bombsight</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">J-7 = Type 222 ranging radar, RWR, Ballistic bombsight</li>
</ol><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Armament (Senjata)</li>
</ul><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">One NR-30 30mm cannon plus</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MIG-21pfs = K-13 AA-2 atoll, FAB-500, FAB-250, UV-16-67 rocket pods</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">MIG-21bis = UV-69 57 rocket pods, AA-8 Aphid, FAB-250, FAB-500</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">J-7 = 2 PL-2 or PL-7 AAM and 1 800 L drop tank (685 nm)</li>
</ol>ALUTSISTAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16103406766636204353noreply@blogger.com0